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CST Review Terms P2 1920’s- WWII

CST Review Terms P2 1920’s- WWII. 1920’s Government (return to Laissez-Faire end of Progressivism) Return to Normalcy Americans want to return to isolationism and laissez-faire Teapot Dome Scandal Worst scandal of Harding Admin (Navy oil leased to Rep. backers). Fears at Home

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CST Review Terms P2 1920’s- WWII

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  1. CST Review Terms P21920’s- WWII

  2. 1920’s • Government (return to Laissez-Faire end of Progressivism) • Return to Normalcy • Americans want to return to isolationism and laissez-faire • Teapot Dome Scandal • Worst scandal of Harding Admin (Navy oil leased to Rep. backers)

  3. Fears at Home • KKK (Why did it become popular?) • Xenophobia (fear of immigrants) and modernity (women have rights, lifestyle changes, technology) • Red Scare (define/ Who was the enemy?) • Fear of Communism (spread by New Immigrants/Russians) • Sacco and Vanzetti • 2 Italian immigrants executed for murder (innocent, guilty of being immigrants)

  4. Palmer Raids • Gov. rounds up suspected Communists (deport thousands of immigrants, no evidence) • Immigration Act of 1924 (define/What group did it target?) • Limits New Immigrants to US (1% based on 1890 census), no Japanese immigration

  5. Harlem Renaissance (define) • Growth of Af/Am culture as different and beautiful (Langston Hughes) • Marcus Garvey • UNIA- Back to Africa, black pride • Why Harlem? • Great Migration- many blacks moved to NYC and it was large enough to support a separate black culture (no segregation)

  6. Prohibition • 18th Amendment • Banned alcohol (Volstead Act) • Supporters? Opponents? • Supporters- Christians (Fundamentalists- word for word belief in bible), women, rural areas • Opponents- immigrants, urbanites (cities) • Crime (why? Al Capone/Chicago) • Illegality increased the price of booze • Al Capone/Chicago- largest bootlegger, control of Chicago meant control of alcohol in middle America

  7. Popular Culture • National culture- Americans want to be like stars, loss of regional culture • Jazz • Most popular music, invented by Af/Am • Radio • Most popular form of entertainment (brought into home) • Charles Lindbergh • 1st to fly across the Atlantic (shows air travel is possible) • Industry (industry becomes more efficient) • Henry Ford/Model T/Assembly Line • 1st affordable car b/c each worker had only one task manufacturing car (more cars=lower price)

  8. 1930’s • Rugged Individualism (gov. role in helping?) Great Depression • Hoover Presidency (Laissez-Faire- did not know how to solve such a huge crisis) • Stock Market Crash (define) • Prices of stocks plunge (investors lose money, banks go out of business, depositors lose savings) • Buying on Margin • 10% down, borrow 90% to buy stocks • Problem- helped artificially raise prices, people could not pay back debt when market crashed • Hoover felt charities should help people, Gov. welfare would make people lazy

  9. Bonus Army • WWI veterans who marched on Wash. D.C. to demand war bonuses early (chased out by Hoover and army, made Hoover look like he did not care about ordinary people) • Hoovervilles • Name given to slums mocking president • Dust Bowl • Farms dry up (drought, overgrazing), • Okies- farmers from Ok. Who lose farms and move to CA. • Grapes of Wrath- book depicting their plight

  10. President FDR • New Deal (change in role of gov.?) • Gov. becomes a safety net to help people in need (not just to protect your rights), gov. creates jobs and services • CCC • Young people to work on conservation projects (forests, campgrounds) • Meant to get young hoods out of cities • AAA • Paid farmers not to grow, destroyed crops and livestock to increase food prices • Problem- people are starving and food is being destroyed • Social Security • Old age pension • Meant to get elderly to retire and hire younger workers (prevent elderly homelessness)

  11. FDIC • Gov insures deposits in banks • Meant to get people in banks so money can circulate • TVA • Gov builds dams and brings electricity to backwards area • Some afraid of creeping Socialism (Gov. involvement in industry) • Court Packing Scheme • FDR tries to add judges to Supreme Court to get SC to support his New Deal programs • FDR’s biggest mistake (becoming a bit totalitarian)

  12. World War II • Beginning of War • Poland • Invasion by Germany marks beginning of war (1939) • US neutrality • US stays out of war but provides supplies to Eng and Fr but they need to pay first (cash and Carry) • Atlantic Charter • Eng and US promise not to take land and instead fight for freedom (Four Freedoms) • Lend Lease Act • US supplies Eng. With all of the supplies it needs to hold off Germany • Pearl Harbor • Dec. 7,1941 Jap. surprise attack on US navy, US declares war • Holocaust • Nazis kills 7 mil. Jews

  13. War at Home • African-Americans • Great Migration • Af/Am leave S. and move west (LA, Oak.) and North • Segregation • Af/Am. Fought in separate units from whites • Pres Truman desegregates the army after WWII (1st act by a Pres. since Civil War for civil rights) • Tuskeegee Airmen • Only Af/Am. Fighter plane squad (highly decorated) • Women • Rosie the Riveter • Symbol of women factory workers

  14. Japanese • Interment (Why?) • Jap. attacked US, easy to isolate (CA, diff. looking) • Korematsu vs. US • Allowed Gov. to arrest Jap. and put them in concentration/internment camps • 442 Unit • Jap/Am. Army unit (most decorated in war/brave) • Mexicans (deferment?) • Farm labor (Bracero program) not subject to draft • Zoot Suit Riots • Sailors beat up Pachucos (cool, young Mex.) in oversized suits, Mex. arrested • Rationing • Limits on what people could purchase

  15. Fighting • Strategy • Europe first, then Japan (explain, how did this strategy change?) • US started winning against Japanese (at Midway), begin fighting both at same time • Island Hopping • Strategy to get close enough to Japan to bomb and invade by taking islands across the Pacific • D-Day • Invasion of Europe by Allies (largest amphibious and multi-national assault ever) • Battle of the Bulge • Ger. last offensive (huge casualties), Ger. about to lose

  16. Midway • Turning point of was in Pacific (June 42), all naval air battle • Kamikazee • Suicide Jap. pilots • End of War • Atomic Bomb • Manhattan Project • Project to build bomb (Robert Oppenheimer- leader) • Hiroshima, Nagasaki • 2 cities destroyed by A-Bomb • Reason to drop the bomb • End war (save US lives by not invading Japan) • Scare Stalin- prevent USSR time to take land in Asia

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