Dominant Functions of Settlements

1. Dominant Functions of Settlements

2. Dominant Functions of Settlements • When we describe functions of a settlement we describe the main areas of employment • There are 4 categories (industries) of jobs

3. Dominant Functions of Settlements Primary – any job that deals with the extraction of raw material from the natural environment (forestry, mining, farming)

4. Dominant Functions of Settlements Secondary – any job that processes raw materials (primary manufacturing – extraction of iron from iron ore) OR - Use the product of primary manufacturing to make a finished product (secondary manufacturing – making steel from iron)

5. Dominant Functions of Settlements

6. Dominant Functions of Settlements Tertiary – jobs that provide a service (bank teller, dentist) – fastest growing sector in Canada (around 75% of working population employed in this industry)

7. Dominant Functions of Settlements Quaternary – jobs that are involved with the communication of information ( teaching, research, computer programming, technology sector) – this sector on the increase

8. Dominant Functions of Settlements • When you describe the present function of a town or city they you are describing the main area of employment for the population of the city

9. Dominant Functions of Settlements • Factors that influence the function of a settlement is population and location • Eg. Niagara Falls – area of scenic beauty attracts million of tourists – jobs in the tourist industry (accommodation and food) would be high (10.5% of the population works in this industry)

10. NIAGARA FALLS

11. Dominant Functions of Settlements • Large cities are more diverse -have people employed in many sectors of the economy (Toronto) • Provide services to a wide surrounding area (multi-functional)

12. Dominant Functions of Settlements • Small cities – have people employed in fewer sectors of the economy (Saguenay – forestry, primary metal manufacturing, agri-business, tourism) • Usually provide services for small towns/villages immediately adjacent to the city • Often these cities have specialized functions

13. Dominant Functions of Settlements • When a city has a high percent of employment in a particular activity, this activity is described as the urban centre’s dominant function. • Eg. Manufacturing in Hong Kong, Public Administration in Ottawa

14. Dependence on Single Industry - Tilt Cove

15. Dependence on Single Industry - Tilt Cove

16. Dependence on Single Industry - Tilt Cove • 1901 pop – 1,370 • 1956 - 57 • 2008 – 7 • Dominate function – copper mines and some fishing • Mines closed 1920 then reopened 1957 and lasted for 10 years

17. Dependence on Single Industry - Tilt Cove

18. Dependence on Single Industry – Anyox B.C

19. Dependence on Single Industry – Anyox B.C

20. Dependence on Single Industry - Tilt Cove • 1914 pop – 3,000 • Dominate function – copper mines other precious metals • Mine closed in1935 - abandoned

21. Dependence on Single Industry – Anyox B.C

22. Location Quotients • The percentage of a city’s workforce in any employment category when compared to the national average for that category. The location quotient is expressed as a ratio • Eg. LQ 1.6 means 1.6 time as many people work in manufacturing in Hamilton, in 1985, than in Canada as a whole

23. Location Quotients • When comparing L.Q. it is important to compare L.Q.’s for cities of comparable size • When a city’s function is dependent on one or two sectors of the economy and that sector decreases (manufacturing) what are the possible outcomes

24. Location Quotients • The city must diversify (Hamilton) • The city experiences decline (people move out and abandon the city (Youngstown Ohio, Flint Michigan)

25. Location Quotients Buick City – Flint Michigan Steel Mill – Youngstown, Ohio