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Ethnicity Responses to Oxidative Stress Following a Single Bout of Aerobic Exercise

Ethnicity Responses to Oxidative Stress Following a Single Bout of Aerobic Exercise. Mike McKenzie, PhD, CSCS Department of Human Performance and Sports Sciences Winston Salem State University. Background.

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Ethnicity Responses to Oxidative Stress Following a Single Bout of Aerobic Exercise

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  1. Ethnicity Responses to Oxidative Stress Following a Single Bout of Aerobic Exercise Mike McKenzie, PhD, CSCS Department of Human Performance and Sports Sciences Winston Salem State University

  2. Background • African – Americans are at greater risk for cardiovascular events such as stroke, congestive heart failure and myocardial infarct Hozawa A, Folsom AR, Sharrett AR, and Chambless LE. Arch Intern Med. 167: 573–579, 2007. Mackay J, and Mensah G. Atlas of Heart Disease and Stroke.  World Health Organization. Geneva, 2004. 2.Increased risk for coronary heart disease include: aging, gender, heredity which are all considered fixed and modifiable risk factors such as high cholesterol, tobacco use, hypertension, physical inactivity and obesity.

  3. Background 3. Recently it has been suggested that both oxidative stress and inflammation may be contributory factors which might contribute to underlying mechanisms that manifest the ethnicity differences observed in the cardiovascular events Carroll JF, Fulda KG, Chiapa AL, et al. Obesity 17: 1420–1427, 2009. Feairheller DL, Sturgeon KM, Diaz KM, et al. Kid & Blood Pressure Res. 33 (4): 282-290, 2010. Thomas KL, Hernandez AF, Dai D, Heidenreich P, Fonarow GC, Peterson ED, and Yancy CW. Am Heart J. 161(4): 746-754, 2011. 4. Suggested a disproportionately greater hypertension, inflammation, and oxidative stress was evident compared to other ethnic groups especially in women Feairheller DL, Sturgeon KM, Diaz KM, et al. Kid & Blood Pressure Res. 33 (4): 282-290, 2010.

  4. Background 5. Numerous investigations have reported that exercise of sufficient intensity and duration can increase both oxidative stress and inflammation Goldfarb, AH, Bloomer RJ, McKenzie MJ, and Cho C. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, Metabolism. 2007, 32:1124-1131. 6. It is unclear if age matched young women will demonstrate any differences in the oxidative stress and inflammatory response based on ethnicity.

  5. Purpose • This study was designed to determine if oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in blood from African-American young women would respond in a similar manner to an acute bout of aerobic exercise compared to Caucasian young woman.

  6. Methods • Screening • 20 healthy women non-smokers not using ergogenic aids or dietary supplements with normal blood pressures were recruited. • Subjects performed a GXT VO2 max test. • Subjects were instructed to maintain their normal diet and exercise during the study. • Skinfolds were obtained to determine % body fat using 3 sites.

  7. Methods • Submaximal exercise • Subjects reported in the morning after an overnight fast. • Resting blood samples taken from an ante-cubital vein & immediately centrifuged to obtain plasma and stored at -800C until analyzed. • Subjects ran for 30 minutes. HR was monitored throughout. VO2 was monitored every 5 minutes to ensure intensity was at 70-75% VO2 max level. • Post exercise blood sample was obtained immediately and processed as above.

  8. Methods • Blood Measures • MDA, IL-6, Xanthine Oxidase, PC, and LOOH • Data analysis • The data were analyzed using a repeated measure 2 x 2 ANOVA (ethnicity x time) by SPSS, and statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

  9. Results

  10. Results * Denotes significance compared to pre

  11. Results * Denotes significance compared to pre

  12. Results # * Denotes significance from pre. # notes significance from AA

  13. Results p= 0.76

  14. Results * Denotes significance compared to pre

  15. Discussion • Based on markers measured, only MDA appears different between AA and C • Appears as though both groups respond similarly to a single bout of exercise

  16. Future Studies • Other markers (inflammatory markers like TNFα, NFκB, etc) • Genetic markers • Training studies • Antioxidant responses to training • Relationship/Link to body fat

  17. Limitations • All subjects college aged • All subjects were healthy • Inflammatory and Cytokines not measured • Genetic Measures • Single Bout vs. Training

  18. Implications • Based on AHA data, heart disease rates are different across genders and ethnic groups • Exercise is a (the) leading way to delay, prevent, or limit heart disease • Several genetic differences exist (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), and Howard University’s GRAD databank) • Further exercise intervention studies are necessary to further determine exercise response and disease prevention/protection

  19. Acknowledgements • HBCU Research Network • UNCG • Dr. Allan Goldfarb, PhD, FACSM • Dr. Ryan Garten, PhD • CharagGomashe

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