Evaluating Trachtenberg’s

1. Evaluating Trachtenberg’s Medieval Modernism theory

2. Romanesque Cathedral of St.-Lazare, Autun, France, 1120-46 w/ 15th-cen. Gothic additions

3. the pilasters: “self-conscious, knowing, modernizing distortions of the very antiquity to which these same buildings are so powerfully attached” (Trachtenberg 2000, 203n11). Romanesque Cathedral of St.-Lazare, Autun, France, 1120-46

4. Constantine’s Basilica (aula nova) at Trier, 305-312 Conrad’s Speyer Cathedral, 1030-61

5. Conrad’s Speyer Cathedral, 1030-61 Henry IV’s Speyer Cathedral, 1080s

6. Cluny III: “scattered, episodic, fragmentary, often superficial modernist gestures” (187). Romanesque Cluny III in photo montage recon. of crossing recon. of nave

7. groin vaults of Speyer Cathedral, 1080s rib vaults of Chartres Cathedral, 1194-1260

8. Nôtre-Dame, Paris nave elevation looking east nave elevation looking west 1150-55

9. I. Symbolism in High Gothic great churches Labyrinths Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France, 1194-1221 12.85 m. diameter maze installed in 1215-21

10. I. Symbolism Labyrinths Chartres Cathedral – maze installed in 1215-21

11. I. Symbolism Labyrinths Chartres Cathedral – labyrinth defining difference between west vs. east end of the church

12. I. Symbolism Labyrinths Mazes in the Greek world Mazes in the Roman world Daedalus – mythical architect, creator of the labyrinth Silver coin from Knossos on the island of Crete, Greece, 325 BCE Floor mosaic of a Roman villa near Cremona, Italy, 1st cen. CE (No maze found in the palace at Knossos)

13. I. Symbolism Labyrinths Mazes in early Christian churches Early Christian El-Asnam Cathedral El-Asnam, Algeria, 324, floor mosaic Detail of the labyrinth El-Asnam Cathedral Algeria, ca. 324 CE

14. I. Symbolism Labyrinths Location of floor labyrinths in medieval churches Small scale labyrinths in Italy Romanesque San Michele in Pavia Italy, 1100-1150

15. I. Symbolism Labyrinths Reims Cathedral, Reims, France, c. 1211-1290 – labyrinth now lost

16. I. Symbolism Labyrinths Memory of the promethean architect / demiurge honored Reims Cathedral, Reims, France, c. 1211-1290

17. Amiens Cathedral, Amiens, France, 1220-1269 – labyrinth is a modern reconstruction

18. I. Symbolism in High Gothic great churches Sculpted portals Chartres Cathedral – façade (west) Chartres Cathedral – Royal Portal (façade portal) (early Gothic 1145-55) Ascension Christ in Majesty Virgin portal (incarnation)

19. I. Symbolism in High Gothic great churches Sculpted portals – Christian belief and intellectual life Encyclopedic in scope – like the compendia written by scholastic philosophers Chartres Cathedral – Royal Portal (façade portal) (early Gothic 1145-55) Chartres Cathedral – Virgin Portal Ascension Christ in Majesty Virgin portal (incarnation)

20. I. Symbolism in High Gothic great churches Sculpted portals – Christian belief and intellectual life Chartres Cathedral – south transept portal – three portals dedicated Last Judgment theme (High Gothic 1205-40)

21. I. Symbolism in High Gothic great churches Sculpted portals – Christian belief and intellectual life Human figure used to embody metaphysical ideals Chartres south transept portal (High Gothic 1205-40) “Classical” St. George Early Gothic defined, cylindrical, attenuated column figures

22. I. Symbolism in High Gothic great churches Sculpted portals – Christian belief and intellectual life Chartres Cathedral – south transept (High Gothic 1205-40)

23. I. Symbolism in High Gothic great churches Sculpted portals Chartres Cathedral – façade (west) Chartres Cathedral – Royal Portal (façade portal) (early Gothic 1145-55) Ascension Christ in Majesty Virgin portal (incarnation)

24. I. Symbolism in High Gothic great churches Sculpted portals – Christian belief and intellectual life Encyclopedic in scope – like the compendia written by scholastic philosophers Chartres Cathedral – Royal Portal (façade portal) (early Gothic 1145-55) Chartres Cathedral – Virgin Portal Ascension Christ in Majesty Virgin portal (incarnation)