The Cell:

1. The Cell: Parts & Organelles

2. Objectives • To become familiar with the parts & organelles of a cell including: Cell Wall Cell Membrane Nucleus Nucleolus Ribosome Chromosome Endoplasmic Reticulum (rough & smooth) Mitochondria Golgi Body (Apparatus) Lysosome Vacuole Centriole Cytoplasm Choloplast Vesicle Flagellum/Cilia • To recognize the different organelles in plants and animals cells. • To be able to identify the name, definition & image of each organelle. • To appreciate the complexity of the smallest unit of life!!!

3. Overview of an Animal Cell

4. Overview of a Plant Cell

5. Cell Membrane • A thin, flexible barrier that surrounds ALL cells (plants & animal cells) • Regulates what enters and leaves the cell • Provides protection • Provides support. • Composed primarily of lipid bilayer

6. Cell Wall • Found in plants and most prokaryotic cells • Provides support and structure • Made-up of cellulose

7. Cytoplasm • Found in all eukaryotic & prokaryotic cells • Jell-like substance located outside the nucleus

8. Nucleus • Found in ALL eukaryotic cells • Contains nearly all the DNA – the coding material for proteins & other important molecules. • Surrounded by a porous nuclear envelope which allows material to move in & out of the nucleus. • Granular material inside the nucleus is called chromatin, and when the cell divides the chromatin condenses into chromosomes

9. Nucleolus • Small, dense region (aka the “dark spot”) within the nucleus • Assembly of ribosomes begins

10. Ribosomes • Found in ALL prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells • Location where proteins are assembled • Ribosomes can be attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (rough E.R.) or free within the cytoplasm.

11. Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.)(Rough & Smooth) • Found in ALL prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells • Site where lipids for the cell membrane, proteins and other material are assembled. • Two types of E.R. • Rough ER - contains ribosomes & is the location of protein assembly • Smooth ER does not contain ribosomes.

12. Golgi Body (Apparatus) • After proteins are assembled at the ER they move here • The function of the Golgi body if to modify, sort and package proteins and other material for storage or transport out of the cell • Transport vesicles deliver the proteins to and from the Golgi body.

13. Lysosomes • Small organelles filled with enzymes to breakdown lipids, carbohydrates & proteins. • They also breakdown old organelles and other “junk” that are no longer useful. • The “stomach” of the cell.

14. Vacuoles • Found in both animal and plant cells. • Store food and water for the cell. • In plants, vacuoles are very large and provide support.

15. Mitochondria • Plants and animal cell contain mitochondria. • Mitchondria convert organic materials to energy for the cell’s use through the process of cellular respiration. • The number of mitochondria per cell depends on the cell’s energy needs. • Heart cells need a lot of mitochondria whereas skin cell would not need as many.

16. Choloplast • Found in plant cells • Capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis.

17. Flagella/Cilia • Not found in all cells. • Flagella is a tail-like structure that propels cells • Cilia are hair like structures that help cells move.

18. Cytoskeleton • Network of protein filaments (microfilaments & microtubules) that helps the cell maintain its shape. • Assists in cell division. • Centrioles, located near the nucleus, help separate the chromosomes & organize the cell in order for it to divide.

19. Who am I?? • I’m found in ALL eukaryotic cells and contain nearly all the DNA – the coding material for proteins & other important molecules. • Answer: Nucleus

20. Who am I?? • Answer: Golgi Body!

21. Who am I?? • Very large in plant cell. Provide structure, food and water for the cell. • Answer: Vacuole!

22. Who am I?? • Answer: Mitochondria!!

23. Who am I?? • Small organelles filled with enzymes to breakdown lipids, carbohydrates & proteins. • Answer: Lysosome!