International Migration in Turkey (Data sources and current situation)

1. International Migration in Turkey(Data sources and current situation) Neriman Can Ergan Turkish Statistical Institute December 6-8, 2010 İstanbul

2. Migration History of Turkey 1960- 1973 → Emigration (Laborer Migration) 1974 → Family Reunification 1980 → Return to Country 1985 → Immigration Country Emigration Country Immigration Country transit migration illegal migration return migration

3. Data Sources for Immigration • Main sources :Population Census • Place of birth..................................................... 1927-2000 • Country of citizenship....................................... 1927-2000 • Place of permanent residence.......................... 1980-2000 • Place of permanent residence five years ago... 1980-2000

4. Problems of Population Census Data Sources for Immigration • Lack of information on usual residence (de jure), • One day application with curfew, • Overcounting (imaginary) population, • Increasing cost of the census, • Duration of data processing around 3.5 years, • Information on population size and their characteristics available with ten years interval. TARGET : Changing the system from traditional census to register based census.

5. Data Sources for Immigration Current Situation: Address Based Population Registration System “In accordance with the Population Registration Law numbered 5490, Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS) was established in 2007” Purpose: • To establish National Address Database (NAD) that covers all addresses within the boundaries of the country • To establish ABPRS covering information on place of residence of all people living in the country.

6. Foreigners living in Turkey National Address Database (NAD) MERNIS (Turkish Citizens) Turkish citizens living in abroad ABPRS MATCHING foreign citizens and addresses in the NAD by using passport numbers MATCHING the information in MERNIS and addresses in the NAD by using the Turkish Republic identification numbers How Was The System Established?

7. Updating the System • After the establishment of NAD and ABPRS by TurkStat, systems were transferred to the General Directorate of Population and Citizenship Affairs. • Update of addresses in the NAD by municipalities. • Update of changes in administrative units by the General Directorate of Population and Citizenship Affairs. • Update of usual residence of persons by Local Registration Offices. • Update of foreign population living in Turkey by the General Directorate of Population and Citizenship Affairs with the use of residence permits.

8. Basic Statistics from ABPRS • Population by localities (province, district, sub-district, village and quarters) • City and village population • Age and sex structure • Nationality of persons living in Turkey (Turkish citizens and foreigners) • Marital status • Education level completed • Internal migration • Place of birth (on-going study)

9. ABPRS Census Result • First population census results referringDecember 31, 2007based on the new system were announced on January 21, 2008 (70,586,256). • Second results referring December 31,2008 were announced on January 26, 2009 (71,517,100). • Third results referring December 31, 2009 were announced on January 25, 2010 ( 72,561,312) • Results are announced annually and all information is available on the web site. (www.turkstat.gov.tr)

10. ABPRS Census Result • The foreigners residing in Turkey in the last three years according to the result of ABPRS are as follows: • 98 064 ( ‰1.4 in total population) in 2007 • 104 441 (‰ 1.5 in total population) in 2008 • 167 344 (‰ 2.3 in total population) in 2009

11. Problems of Update of the Foreigners with ABPRS • Dependent person are not included • Six months duration is considered according to the Law. Therefore extended permits are not covered in this system

12. General Directorate of Population and Citizenship Affairs General Directorate of Security Resident Permits Data on Naturalization Foreign Population by Place of Residence in Turkey Border Statistics • Asylum Statistics • İllegal Migration Ministry of Foreign Affairs Ministry of Labor and Social Security Data on Turkish Citizens Living Abroad Visa information Work Permits Administrative Registers Compiled by Related Organizations

13. General Directorate of Security POLNET  POLICE NETWORK SYSTEM • passengers project • foreigners project • Identify information on foreigners living in Turkey • Visas information • Crime information • Passport information • Entry gate information • Other personal information are collected Foreign project is still going on

14. General Directorate of Security Border Statistics: Available: • Province • Borders • Type of border (sea, air, land) • Citizenship total number of arrivals and departures Unavailable: • Major categories of inflows and outflows (purpose and duration of stay on inflows and outflows – long term migrants and short term migrants, persons in transit, asylum seekers etc.) • Age • Sex

15. General Directorate of Security Residence Permits: Available: • Province • Citizenship • Reason of residence permit • Total number of residence permits by sex Unavailable: • Age • Duration of residence permits • Education • Country of previous residence

16. General Directorate of Security Data on Asylum Seekers: Available: • Number of applications, sex and number of children of those under process by nationality • Number of applications, sex and number of children of those accepted by nationality Unavailable: • Age • Asylum applications of unaccompanied minors by citizenship and age

17. General Directorate of Security Illegal migration: Available: • Citizenship • Total number of reason of exit Unavailable: • Age • Sex

18. Ministry of Labor and Social Security Work permits: “Law on the Work Permits of Foreigners ” (No: 4817 : 06 September 2003) • Work permits to be computerized • Statisticsin accordancewith EU standards to be produced

19. Ministry of Labor and Social Security Data on citizens abroad: “Annual Activity Report, 1991-2007” • Demographics • Employment • Social security • Education (total number of citizens and workers abroad for 38 countries, detailed information for 18 countries)

20. Ministry of Foreign Affairs Total number of Turkish citizens abroad: • E-consulate database

21. General Directorate of Population and Citizenship Affairs Data on Naturalization: Available: • Naturalising /acquisition of citizenship • Renouncing • Age • Sex

22. Problematic Areas Insufficiency in data compilation to produce statistics Lack of consistency on variables and classifications in the forms used for data compilation Failure in timely data entry

23. 2011 Population and Housing Census According to the Official Statistics Programme (2007-2011) of the TurkStat, next census will be conducted in 2011. Method of next census will be developed based on Address Based Population Registration System. Future and On-going Activities

24. 2011 Population and Housing Census Draft questionnaires were prepared. The UNECE recommendationsand EU regulationsfor the population and housing censuses were takeninto cconsideration to determine the censusindicators Pilot Study was carried out by regional offices . Analyzethe result of pilot study and preparation of the questionnaire are on going. Future and On-going Activities

25. Future and On-going Activities MFA MLSS GDS GDPCA TurkStat

26. Thank you for your attention !