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Energy, Power, Transportation, and the Future

Energy, Power, Transportation, and the Future. Solar Energy. Small portion of energy Two main types Photovoltaic cells Convert solar radiation into DC using semiconductors Active solar collectors Convert solar energy into usable light, heat,

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Energy, Power, Transportation, and the Future

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  1. Energy, Power, Transportation, and the Future

  2. Solar Energy • Small portion of energy • Two main types • Photovoltaic cells • Convert solar radiation into DC using semiconductors • Active solar collectors • Convert solar energy into usable light, heat, cause air-movement for ventilation or cooling using fans and pumps to increase usable heat in a system • Cost and efficiency • Solar Lighting • Collectors -> Fiber optic cables • Satellites on the moon -> microwaves -> recievers

  3. Wind Energy • Largest growing in the past 10 years • Wind Farms – collection of turbines used to create electricity • Development • Low wind speeds • Creating more electricity = lower cost of each watt

  4. Ocean Energy • Tides • Waves • Temperature Differences • Development • Asia and Europe

  5. Bioenergy / Biomass • Most widely used renewable energy source • Supplies 3% of US energy demands • Generates energy by releasing energy stored in organic materials • Used for • Transportation fuel, electricity generation, industrial heat, and chemical production • Development • Biorefineries • Convert organic materials to fuels, chemicals, and other products

  6. Fossil Fuels • Main source of current energy • Development • Designing a future zero-emission coal power plant • FutureGen Plant • Will create electricity and hydrogen gas from coal

  7. Saving Energy Air Leaks in a Home • Infiltration – cold air forcing its way into a home through cracks and other penetrations • reduced by sealing cracks with caulk, foam, etc

  8. Saving Energy Heat Loss Through Walls – Insulation • Conduction – the transfer of heat from a molecule to molecule, straight through a material of group of materials • R-Value – a materials ability to resist heat flow by conduction

  9. Efficiency • Nanotechnology – smaller, more powerful, less energy consumption • Super computer processors • Computer Control – energy will be distributed as needed to certain areas eliminating waste • Electricity grids

  10. Batteries • Paper Batteries • Ultrathin dry batteries • Contain zero chemicals • Can be printed on paper • Future use • Powering Cell Phones and Laptops

  11. Fuel Cells • Function • Hydrogen atoms through a catalyst. • The catalyst frees the electrons from the hydrogen. • The remainder of the hydrogen atom passes through a membrane on the positive side of the cell. • The electrons pass through an electrical circuit to the positive side creating electricity • Never lose power so long as they have hydrogen • Supplying hydrogen is the hard part

  12. Propulsion Technology • Land Transportation • Hybrid Vehicles – electric and gasoline engines • Space Travel • Solar Sails – large sails that operate on the principle that light exerts a small force on the object it touches. The more light collected the greater the “push”

  13. Future of Land Transportation • Safety will be continually improved in land transportation vehicles • Crashworthiness – the ability to handle and provide safety during an accident • Intelligent Vehicle Initiative • Vehicle warning systems • Enhance the vision of the drivers • More stable vehicles

  14. Future of Land Transportation Infrastructure – roadways, bridges, ramps, and other structures that make up the highway and roadway system Smart Road – future highway infrastructure that will communicate with vehicles and help to control the speed, braking, and steering of the vehicles

  15. Future of Water Transportation • Water transportation currently carries 95% of freight which is going to triple in the next 20 years • Canals • Locks • Computer technology • Docking • Loading and unloading

  16. Future of Air Transportation • Small Aircraft Transportation System (SATS) • Goal to reduce overcrowding by better utilizing smaller regional and rural airports • Use of air taxi’s • Mach 1 • Breaking the sound barriers creates a noise heard on land.

  17. Future of Space Transportation • Space Tourism • Vehicles under testing • Space plane – an airplane/space shuttle that will be reusable and more cost efficient than space shuttles • Suborbital flight – 62 miles above the earth • Space elevator – cablelike structure with cars attached, extending from earth to space

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