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Minerals

Minerals. Chap. 4. What are Minerals? Identifying Minerals. Which of these are minerals?. AMBER. COAL. MICA. PEARL. QUARTZ. SUGAR. HALITE. How many types of minerals do you think there are in the earth’s crust?. How many types of minerals do you think there are in the earth’s crust?.

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Minerals

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  1. Minerals Chap. 4 • What are Minerals? • Identifying Minerals

  2. Which of these are minerals? AMBER COAL MICA PEARL QUARTZ SUGAR HALITE

  3. How many types of minerals do you think there are in the earth’s crust?

  4. How many types of minerals do you think there are in the earth’s crust? About 3000, but only 30 minerals are common.

  5. Objectives What are minerals? – 4.1 • Define a mineral • Describe how minerals form. • Identify the most common elements in Earth’s crust.

  6. Mineral

  7. Mineral Naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a specific chemical composition and definite crystalline structure

  8. Mineral • Naturally occurring, inorganic

  9. Mineral • Naturally occurring, inorganic • Solids with specific compositions

  10. Mineral • Naturally occurring, inorganic • Solids with specific compositions • Definite crystalline structure

  11. Tetragonal Orthorhombic Triclinic Cubic Monoclinic Hexagonal Crystal Systems

  12. Mineral • Mineral formation • Some from magma

  13. Mineral • Mineral formation • Some from magma • Some from solutions

  14. Mineral Groups

  15. Mineral Groups • Silicates

  16. Silicates • Made of silicon and oxygen

  17. Silicates • Made of silicon and oxygen • Make up about 96% of minerals found in earth’s crust

  18. Silicates • Made of silicon and oxygen • Make up about 96% of minerals found in earth’s crust • Include feldspar and quartz.

  19. Mineral Groups • Silicates • Carbonates

  20. Carbonates • Made of metal bonded to carbonate, CO32-

  21. Carbonates • Made of metal bonded to carbonate, CO32- • Found in limestone, malachite and marble

  22. Mineral Groups • Silicates • Carbonates • Oxides

  23. Oxides • Made of metal bonded to oxygen

  24. Oxides • Made of metal bonded to oxygen • Hematite Fe2O3 and magnetite Fe3O4 are common iron oxide minerals

  25. Mineral Groups • Silicates • Carbonates • Oxides • Halides

  26. Mineral Groups • Silicates • Carbonates • Oxides • Halides • Native Elements

  27. Mineral Groups • Silicates • Carbonates • Oxides • Halides • Native Elements • Sulfates

  28. The End

  29. Objectives Identifying Minerals 4.2 • Classify minerals according to their physical and chemical properties • Identify different types of minerals • Discuss how minerals are used

  30. Mineral Identification

  31. Mineral Identification azurite • Color rhodochrosite malachite turquoise

  32. Mineral Identification • Color • Luster (shininess) Luster is the way the mineral surface reflects light.

  33. Mineral Identification • Color • Luster (shininess) • metallic pyrite galena

  34. Mineral Identification • Color • Luster (shininess) • metallic • non-metallic olivine feldspar

  35. Mineral Identification • Color • Luster • Texture Texture is how a mineral feels to the touch.

  36. Mineral Identification • Color • Luster • Texture Talc: feels greasy fluorite: feels smooth

  37. Mineral Identification • Color • Luster • Texture • Streak Streak is the color of the powder of the mineral.

  38. Mineral Identification • Color • Luster • Texture • Streak Hematite: Reddish brown streak Pyrite: Dark gray-black streak

  39. Mineral Identification • Color • Luster • Texture • Streak • Hardness Hardness is a measure of how easily a mineral is scratched.

  40. Mineral Identification • Cleavage and Fracture Cleavage means a mineral splits easily and evenly along one or more flat planes. Fracture means a mineral breaks with jagged, rough edges

  41. Cleavage or Fracture? Mica: exhibits basal cleavage

  42. Cleavage or Fracture? Halite: exhibits cubic cleavage

  43. Cleavage or Fracture? Obsidian: exhibits fracture

  44. Mineral Identification • Cleavage and Fracture • Density and Specific Gravity Density is a measure of the mass per unit of volume.

  45. Mineral Identification • Cleavage and Fracture • Density and Specific Gravity • Other properties

  46. Mineral Identification • Cleavage and Fracture • Density and Specific Gravity • Other properties • refraction Refraction means the bending of light

  47. Mineral Identification • Cleavage and Fracture • Density and Specific Gravity • Other properties • refraction • reacting with HCl

  48. Other terms

  49. Other terms • Ores A material for which it is profitable to mine

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