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IPv6 在無線網路上之應用

IPv6 在無線網路上之應用. 黃仁竑 中正大學通訊系 主任 中正大學資工系 教授. Outline. Characteristics of IPv6 Wireless networks IPv6 over wireless networks Applications. Characteristics of IPv6. What makes it different from IPv4 (features) Address space Address stateless autoconfiguration Security Mobility QoS.

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IPv6 在無線網路上之應用

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  1. IPv6在無線網路上之應用 黃仁竑 中正大學通訊系 主任 中正大學資工系 教授

  2. Outline • Characteristics of IPv6 • Wireless networks • IPv6 over wireless networks • Applications

  3. Characteristics of IPv6 • What makes it different from IPv4 (features) • Address space • Address stateless autoconfiguration • Security • Mobility • QoS

  4. IPv6 Address Space • Large address space • 128-bit address • 64-bit network address • 64-bit network interface address • Accommodate 1.8E+19 networks • assuming IPv4 efficiency: 1E+16 networks, 1 million networks per human • 2 networks per square feet of Earth (20 per square meter) • What is the point? • Are we lack of IP address? • NAT is bad for many applications (VoIP, FTP, SNMP, …)

  5. Stateless Autoconfiguration • Generate link-local address (FE80:)(tentative address) • Join all-node multicast group & solicited-node multicast group • DAD: send neighbor solicitation message with tentative address • Find routers and prefix: send router solicitation message • Routers reply with router advertisement message (autonomous flag is set, prefix+interface id is the new addr)

  6. IPv6 Security • IPsec • Encryption • ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload) • Authentication • AH (Authentication Header) • Key management • Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol (ISAKMP) • Mandatory • End-to-end

  7. MN HA CN IPv6 Mobility • Components • MN (Mobile Node) • HA (Home Agent) • CN (Correspondent Node) • Important features • Care-of address (COA): obtained at a foreign subnet, MN may have more then one COA (autoconfiguration) • Binding: association between home address and COA • MN sends Binding Update to HA and CNs • Route optimization • Packets are sent from CN to COA of MN (CN cache binding) • Security on binding update

  8. IPv6 QoS • Internet QoS frameworks • Integrated Services • Differentiated Services • IPv6 QoS • Flow label (IntServ) • Traffic class (DiffServ) • All-IP networks (B3G) • IntServ+DiffServ • End-to-end QoS • QoS mapping • Different QoS provision in 3G, WLAN, Bluetooth, Internet

  9. Wireless Networks • 無線廣域網路 • WWAN (Wireless Wide Area Network) • 全球性、跨地區、大範圍網路 • 無線區域網路 • WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) • 建築物內、一百公尺左右範圍之無線網路 • 無線個人網路 • WPAN (Wireless Personal Area Network) • 個人活動、十公尺左右範圍內之無線網路

  10. WPAN-Bluetooth • 建構個人行動網路(Personal Ad Hoc Network) • 提供一個通行全世界的無線傳輸環境,連結所有行動設備之間的資料傳輸服務 • 行動電話手機、無線電話、筆記型電腦、 PDA、數位相機、數據機、印表機、投影機、區域網路

  11. Bluetooth and Internet • 連接Bluetooth與Internet • Via Access point • Via mobile phone • Via PSTN phone 電話線、乙太網路 寬頻網路、ADSL 藍芽上網家 <BluePort>

  12. Bluetooth Technical Spec. • 頻率: 2.4GHz (2.400~2.4835GHz, 79 channels, 1MHz/channel) • 傳輸速度: 1Mbps • 展頻技術: FHSS (1600 hops/sec) • 調變技術: GFSK (1 bit/carrier -> 1Mbps) • 接進技術: FDMA/TDD (625μs/slot) • 傳輸距離: 10公尺 • 等級一: 0dBm/1mW -> 10m • 等級二: 25m • 等級三: 20dBm/100mW -> 100m • 安全機制 • 第二層資料加密、個人密碼、設備及主機也可加密

  13. Bluetooth 網路連線方式 • Master/Slave model • Topology in Bluetooth Two or more devices sharing the same channel form a piconet. Two or more piconets form a scatternet. Master (control channel access) Slave Master Slave Slave Slave Slave Slave Slave scatternet piconet 1. up to 256 piconets 2. Different hoping sequence at different net 3. Overlapping device cannot be master for more than one net 1 master up to 7 slaves +249 park slaves

  14. WLAN Basic Service Set (BSS) AP Basic Service Set (BSS) Distribution system (can be any type of LAN) Access Point (AP) Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS) Also ad hoc network Infrastructure Ad hoc network

  15. Current Products • 802.11b • 目前最常見之產品、使用2.4GHz頻帶、最高可傳送到11Mbps • 展頻技術: DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum) + CCK (Complementary Code Keying)、調變技術: BPSK/QPSK • 802.11a • 市場上已有產品、使用5GHz頻帶、最高可傳送到54Mbps • 展頻技術: FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum) • 調變技術: OFDM • 802.11g • 產品即將上市、使用2.5GHz頻帶、最高可傳送到54Mbps • 展頻技術: FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum) • 調變技術: OFDM/PBCC

  16. Related Protocols • 802.11d: Regulatory Domain Update (PHY) • 802.11e: MAC enhancements - QoS • 802.11f: Inter-Access Point Protocol (IAPP) • 802.11h: Spectrum Managed (PHY) • 802.11i: Enhanced Security Mechanisms • 802.1x: Authentication、Authorization、Auditing

  17. WWAN • 第一代 • AMPS • 第二代 • GSM, CDMA • 第2.5代 • GPRS • 第三代 • EDGE, UMTS • 第四代(Beyond 3G, B3G) • Seamless interoperability between networks • Multifunction handsets • WLAN + 3G in same terminal • ALL-IP (core network)

  18. IPv6 Over Wireless Networks • What is the merit? • Address space • Lots of mobile devices to get onto Internet • Do not want private IP address (NAT) • Security • Is very important on wireless environment • Mobility • Support seamless handoff (vertical, horizon) • QoS • End-to-end QoS for All-IP networks

  19. IPv6 and Bluetooth • Connect Bluetooth devices to Internet via GPRS/3G or WLAN • Why? Home network, sensor networks, ad hoc networks, … Biosensor+bluetooth+WLAN/3G+Internet -> medical monitoring system WLAN Internet 3ffe:302:11:2:250:baff:fe02:2398 GGSN GPRS/3G SGSN

  20. IPv6 and WLAN • Deployment of WLAN Hot Spot citywide • 台北市府研考會計畫將全市所有路燈、紅綠燈號誌、公車候車亭出租給固網業者，建置無線區域網路（WLAN）基地台 • 民眾只要在筆記型電腦、個人數位處理機（PDA）接上無線網路卡，便可隨時在戶外使用寬頻網路上網 • 全台北市有13萬盞路燈、1,792座紅綠燈號誌及842個公車候車亭

  21. IPv6 and WLAN/MANET Allow IPv6 mobile nodes to form an ad hoc network and access the global IPv6 Internet via an access router

  22. IPv6 and 3G • IPv6 is now mandated for 3GPP Release 5 • Nokia All-IP Mobility Core • All-IP network environment • Heterogeneous access networks • Mobile users need to be reachable on a public IP address • Large and rising number of mobile users • Peer-to-peer applications

  23. Applications • VoIP • P2P • Ubiquitous service

  24. VoIP • SIP-based VoIP for All-IP networks IMS SIP Server CSCF WLAN Internet CSCF MGCF GGSN MGW T-SGW GPRS/3G SGSN PSTN →Need IPv6 addresses to avoid NAT + QoS

  25. P2P: a new paradigm • Napster • Music sharing • Information (File) sharing • KaZaa, Gnutella • Morpheus, FreeNet, Grokster, … • Distributed data processing • SETI@home • Folding@home • Popular Power • Distributed applications • Distributed File system • DDoS →Need IPv6 addresses and IPsec

  26. Ubiquitous Network/Service • Un-interrupted services for mobile users in heterogeneous environments • Always on, anywhere, anytime, anyplace • Various devices on heterogeneous networks • 3G phone, PDA, notebook, PC, GPS, … • 3G, WLAN, wired broadband, … • Seamless session handoff • Location-aware services • Device-aware services • Presence service • Service mobility →Need IPv6 address, mobility, QoS

  27. Future Applications • 各種用戶收費系統，如住宅之電錶、水錶、瓦斯錶之數據讀取 • 各種家電之網路遠端操控 • 手機控制你的咖啡機、冷氣機、洗衣機 • 工廠理各種儀器設備之監控 • 馬路上紅綠燈號誌之管制等 • 在汽車裡感應雨刷及輪胎的裝置，透過Internet收集成為交通及天候狀況的資料 • Mobile IPv6在車內、車間之應用 →Need lots of IPv6 addresses

  28. Conclusion • Future network and services • All-IP network with heterogeneous networks • Always on: increasing mobile users, personal/service mobility • Ubiquitous computing, network: uninterrupted services • SIP-based multimedia applications • P2P applications • IPv6 advantages • Abundant addresses • Autoconfiguration • Seamless mobility support • IPsec • QoS

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