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April 17 – AP Comp Gov – Dynastic History. Agenda: Comparison: Population Control in Iran and China Notes: Dynastic History of China Homework: Read p. 285-296 Country Briefs for Monday. Take out: Pen/Pencil Notebook Comparison of Iran/China population control.
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April 17 – AP Comp Gov – Dynastic History Agenda: • Comparison: Population Control in Iran and China • Notes: Dynastic History of China Homework: • Read p. 285-296 • Country Briefs for Monday Take out: • Pen/Pencil • Notebook • Comparison of Iran/China population control
China’s Dynastic History ca. 5000 BCE-1901 CE
The Neolithic Era – 5000-1500 bce • Civilizations emerged between 5000 and 4000 B.C. E. in the North China plain • Hunted and worked with stone tools • Produced jade artifacts and ceramic pottery • People lived in small tribal settlements
Shang Dynasty – 1500-1000 bce • The first Chinese state for which clear written records remain • United much of north central China • Bronze weaponry strength of royal military • First appearance of woven silk
Zhou (Chou) Dyansty – 1027-256 BCE • 1027-ca 770 BC - Zhou dynasty replaces Shang as dominant force across northern China • Power extended across family lines to create aristocratic cities and principalities • Confucianism and Taoism evolved • Chinese literary tradition began • Zhou state collapsed into chaos of Era of Warring States
Ch’In (Qin) Dynasty – 221-206 BCE • King Ying ZhengUnites much of the Chinese heartland • First ruler to use the title "emperor" as Qin Shihuangdi("First Qin Emperor") • Begins massive construction projects: • First Great Wall of China • First official system of roadways • Empire quickly collapses after his death
Han Dynasty – 206 BCE-220 CE • First lasting state governing the entire Chinese heartland • First “golden age” marked by major inventions and progress • Invention of paper and glazed ceramics • Military expansion • Growth in economy • Centralization of government • Promoted Confucian ideals as the state philosophy • Development of state tests • Bureaucratic civil-service system lasted until early 20th century • Buddhism introduce to parts of China • Sought alliances with foreign powers • trade routes developed into the Silk road
Six Dynasties – 220-586 CE • Collapse of Han state results in nearly four centuries of division between competing dynasties • Wars, plagues, famine • Political instability questioning Confucian ideals embrace Buddhism and Taoism • Ideas also spread by invention of woodblock printing
Sui Dyansty – 581-618 • Short-lived dynasty forcefully united central/southern China • Marked by developments in agriculture and the promotion of Buddhism • Development of southern China
T’Ang Dynasty – 618-906 CE • Combined aggressive military and economic expansion with political stability and creative achievement • Encouraged both import and export trade along the Silk Road • Seen as the second “Golden Age” of Chinese history • Empire expands to central Asia
Five Dynasties – 907-960 CE • Politically and Militarily unremarkable • Dominated by political unrest – controlled by five short-lived dynasties • Development of “China” – porcelain whiteware
Northern Sung (Song) – 960-1126 CE • Third “Golden Age” - high point of Chinese classical culture • Philosophical and artistic development • Political centralization • Economic growth • Scientific innovation • Adoption of Neo-Confucianism as the official state ideology
Southern Sung (Song) – 1127-1279 CE • Invaders from Mongolia drive Chinese Empire South • Marked by unrest and military conflict • Capital established at Hangzhou (Huangzhou) • Trade and economy severely limited
Mongol Rule – Yuan Dynasty – 1280-1365 CE • Empire established by Kublai Khan (grandson of Genghis) • Reopen and expand international trade • Marco Polo (et. al.) visit • Western interest in the East begins • Capital established at Beijing
Ming Dynasty – 1368-1644 CE • Established sophisticated agricultural and trade-based economy • Rise of a large middle-class • Treasure Ships – trade and discovery • Developed a strong centralized bureaucracy and military • Great Wall of China completed • Forbidden city constructed
Ch’ing (Qing) Dynasty – 1644-1912 CE • 1644 - Manchu Qing Dynasty drives out Ming. • Chinese empire reaches its zenith, with the annexation of Tibet, Mongolia and present-day Xinjiang (Turkestan). • 19th Century - Qing Dynasty begins a long decline. • Western powers impose "unequal treaties" that create foreign concessions in China's ports. • Regional warlords rise as central government atrophies. • 1899-1901 - "Boxer Rebellion" in Northern China seeks to stifle reforms in the Qing administration, drive out foreigners and re-establish traditional rule. • Rebellion defeated by foreign intervention • With Western powers, Russia and Japan extracted further concessions from weakened Qing government