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Biotechnology Intro & Gel Electrophoresis

Biotechnology Intro & Gel Electrophoresis. What does…. BIO- mean? TECHNOLOGY? SO…. What is BIO technology Any Way????. Manipulating living organisms using different types of technology to produce more useful qualities: Using better genes and traits

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Biotechnology Intro & Gel Electrophoresis

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  1. Biotechnology Intro & Gel Electrophoresis

  2. What does… • BIO- mean? • TECHNOLOGY? SO….

  3. What isBIOtechnologyAny Way???? • Manipulating livingorganisms using different types of technology to produce more useful qualities: • Using better genes and traits • Allows the best or desired traits to be expressed.

  4. Research in Biotechnology • Help humans create crops that can be frost resistant • Use transgenic organisms to help medical researchers model human physiology for testing • Help industryto create bacteria to break downpollutants into harmless products – Like cleaning up OIL SPILLS! • Pharmaceutical companies use recombinant DNA to cheaply produce human hormones (insulin)and other proteins • Help solve crimesand determine family relationships

  5. Gel Electrophoresis • A method used to separate DNA or RNA by size to compare DNA data. • Comparing the SIZE of DNA fragments (or pieces)

  6. Also known as… • A DNA Fingerprint

  7. What can this be used for? • Paternity Tests • Who is the father? • Familial Relationships • Who is the mother? • Who are the siblings, cousins, grandparents, etc.? • Evolutionary Relationships • How closely related are two organisms (humans & apes)? • Crime Scene Investigations (Forensics) • Who committed the crime?

  8. GelElectrophoresis

  9. Basic Steps.. • Extract DNA sample • Cut DNA into smaller pieces using Restriction Enzymes • Put the smaller DNA fragments into the Gel Tray • Use a Charge to separate the pieces of DNA • Analyze the size of the DNA fragments

  10. Let’s Take a look… • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PSwlCk_Z02c&feature=related

  11. What is the Purpose of Gel Electrophoresis? To separate and analyze DNA fragments according to their size & shape.

  12. GelElectrophoresis

  13. Gel Electrophoresis

  14. Gel Electrophoresis

  15. What is used to cut the DNA? • In order to cut the DNA into fragments, restriction enzymes are used. • These are specific enzymes (proteins) that recognize specific sequences of DNA and then cut it in half. • Like the SCISSORS in the body

  16. Which strands move further down the tray? • DNA fragments move in the Gel due to opposite charges (DNA is negatively charged) • The SMALL strands move further down the Gel than the LARGER strands of DNA. • Since they are larger and heavier, the LARGER strands do not move as far down the Gel

  17. Which strands are towards the top of the tray? • Larger strands are towards the top of the tray because they are larger and heavier • They do not move as quickly down the tray when the charge is added

  18. DNA fingerprinting applications

  19. Sample Problems

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