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The Renaissance

The Renaissance. Chapter 13 Lauren Pelaia. The Early Middle Ages. Dominance of Feudalism and Monorails Collapse of Roman Style Infrastructure and Civilization Dominance of Roman Catholic Church . Late Middle Ages. The Basics. Renaissance = rebirth Italian peninsula = ideal location

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The Renaissance

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  1. The Renaissance Chapter 13 Lauren Pelaia

  2. The Early Middle Ages • Dominance of Feudalism and Monorails • Collapse of Roman Style Infrastructure and Civilization • Dominance of Roman Catholic Church

  3. Late Middle Ages

  4. The Basics • Renaissance = rebirth • Italian peninsula = ideal location • Wealth = plentiful

  5. The Renaissance in Florence • In 15th century population 6,000 • Constantly at war with other city states like Pisa • First artistic and literary manifestations of the Renaissance appeared here

  6. Birthplace of Incredible Talent Ghiberti sculptor Machiavelli political scientist Botticelli artist Brunelleschi architect Medici’s bankers

  7. Communes & Republics

  8. Balance of Power • Renaissance Italians had a passionate attachment to their individual city state • Whenever one Italian state appeared to gain a predominant position within the peninsula, other states combined to establish a balance of power against the major threat • Italy became the focus of international ambitions and the battleground of foreign armies

  9. Republic of Florence • Included the Republic of Genoa • Center of the Renaissance during 1400s and 1500s • Dominated by Medici’s

  10. Duchy of Milan • Ruled by Sforza family after 1450

  11. Rome and the Papal States • Popes served both as religious and political leaders • Controlled much of the central Italian powers

  12. Venice / Venitian Republic • Longest lasting of the Italian city states • Greatest maritime power in Italy • One of the world’s greatest naval and trade powers in the 14th and 15th centuries

  13. Naples / Kingdom of the Two Sicilies • Included South Italian region of Naples and island of Sicily • Only Italian city state to officially have a King • Controlled by France from 1266-1435 • Spain took control after 1435

  14. Decline of the City States • French invasion began in 1494 (First Italian war) • Ludovico “the moor” encouraged King Charles VIII of France to invade Naples • This was the start of foreign invasions throught the peninsula

  15. Humanism • Secularism – valued life on earth • Man shaper of his own destiny • Religion interpretated as more realistic • Italians wanted to celebrate man’s achievements

  16. Famous Italian Humanists Petrarch (1304-1374): Father of Humanism Mirandola (1463-1494): “On the Dignity of Man” Castiglione (1478-1529) “The Courtier” Boccaccio(1313-1375) “The Decameron”

  17. Education • A life active in the world should be the aim of all educated individuals • Education benefitted the public good • History, ethics and rhetoric

  18. Christian Humanism • Also known as Northern Humanists • Interested in an ethical way to life • Best elements of classical and Christian culture should be combined • Use of reason over acceptance of dogma • Erasmus Erasmus (1466?-1536) “The Praise of Folly

  19. Printing • Developed in Germany in the middle of the 15th century • Johann Gutenburg

  20. Art • In early Renaissance, art manifested corporate power • Content and style differed from that in the Middle Ages • Showed human ideals portrayed in a more realistic style • 1400s – Florence led the art movement • 1500s – Rome led the art movement • Patrons were wealthy merchants and bankers • Nude comes back in sculptors

  21. New Artistic Terms • Chiaroscuro – using shadows to develop depth • Sfumato – softening edges • Fresco – plaster • Contropasto – movement in sculpture

  22. Famous Artists Brunelleschi Duomo,: Florence, Italy Donatello David Da Vinci “The Last Supper” Raphael “The Three Graces” El Greco “A View of Toledo Durer “Christ Among the Doctors” Van Eyck “The Arnolfini Portrait”

  23. Social Relationships • Groups by blood (Jews), traditions, language and custom • Difference in rights between nobles and commoners • Many moved into the nobility class

  24. Gender • More women were becoming wealthy • Querelles de Femme – “Problem of Women” • Women enjoyed increased access to education • Women chaste until marriage Christine de Pizan

  25. France • Hundred Years War left France drastically depopulated • Pragmatic Sanctions of Bourges • Louis XI (Spider King) • Concordat of Bologna Louis XI of France

  26. England • Population continued to decline due to Black Death and War of Roses • Court of Star Chamber • Justice of the Peace • Tudors won support of influential upper middleclass because the Crown linked government policy with the interests of that class

  27. Spain • Marriage of Ferdinand of Castile and Isabella of Aragon united two dynamic royal houses • Invasion of Granada January 6 1942 • Reconquista • Inquisition Marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella

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