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The Green House Effect

The Green House Effect. ISCI 2001. Solar Radiation. (1). The fate of solar radiation 26% reflected back into space 20% clouds; 6% by atmosphere 19% absorbed by clouds , ozone gas (O 3 ) 55% reaches surface 4% reflected at surface; 51% absorbed by surface. Surface Radiation.

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The Green House Effect

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  1. The Green House Effect ISCI 2001

  2. Solar Radiation • (1). The fate of solarradiation • 26%reflectedbackintospace • 20% clouds; 6% by atmosphere • 19%absorbedbyclouds, ozonegas (O3) • 55%reachessurface • 4% reflected at surface; 51% absorbed by surface

  3. Surface Radiation • (1). Short-waveradiation from Sun • As it hits the surface converted into sensible heat • Heats ground and lower atmosphere • (2). SurfaceRadiation (infrared radiation) • Directed back into space as long-wave radiation • 90% absorbed by ‘greenhouse’ gases • CO2 (main GH gas); O3 ; water vapor; methane; N2O • (3). Gases are ‘warmed’ and heat Earth’s atmosphere

  4. Greenhouse Effect • (1). Gases absorb (trap) heat to warm up our atmosphere • Absorbing longwave radiation from the surface • (2). Without GH Effect • Ave. Global Temp = -15 C • With GH = 15 C

  5. Greenhouse Gases

  6. Greenhouse Gases

  7. Source of Greenhouse Gases • (1). Carbondioxide • Fossil fuels; deforestation; organic decay; forest fires • (2). Ozone • Sunlight chemically reacts with O2 (natural) • Photochemical smog production • (3). Methane • Wetlands; biomass burning; termites; organic decay • (4). Chlorofluorocarbons • Refrigerants; aerosol spray propellants; cleaning solvents • (5). NitrousOxide • Fertilizers; burning of fossil fuels; forests; grasslands

  8. Increasing CO2 Levels • (1). Risinglevels • 1700’s (280 ppm) ------------- 2005 (380 ppm) • (2). CausesofincreasedCO2 • Fossil fuel combustion (65% of increase) • Deforestation/ Natural habitats to agricultural areas • Natural ecosystem hold 20-100 times more CO2

  9. Increasing Carbon Dioxide Levels

  10. Role of Plants, Forest, etc.

  11. Increase of Other Gases • (1). Methane (CH4) • 150% increase in levels since 1750 • See sources • (2). CFC’s destroy Ozone • Freon; Sprays • Damage near the poles • UV light

  12. Natural Cycle, Humans at Fault, or Both?

  13. Industrialization

  14. Negative Feedback and Clouds • (1). Temperature and Clouds • As GH gases increase, temperature increases • Causes more cloud formations • Clouds reflect more energy into space • Reduce the amount of energy absorbed and retained in the atmosphere • (2). Counters the GH effect?

  15. Global Warming • (1). NationalAcademyofScience • Increase of 1 F in 20th century • (2). RecentData (National Geographic) • 1.4 F increase since 1880 • Last (2) decades hottest in 400 years • Arctic temperatures risen 2x average • Glacier Ntl. Park 27 glaciers • 150 in 1910

  16. Our Role in GW? (NGS) • (1). 2500 scientist/130 countries • Industry, deforestation, increased greenhouse gases and pollution • Combustion and carbon dioxide • (2). Natural climatic cycles?

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