The Smart-Green House Project

1. The Smart-Green House Project

2. The Smart-Green House Project • Home automation taken to the next level • The Smart-Green House Project offers: • House temperature adjustment • Power outlet calibrations • Creation of a timed schedule for managing the house • Growth and maintenance of plants based on water and lighting specifications

3. Goals and Objectives • Create a smart customizable system to control a house • Create a system to aid in the growth and upkeep of plants with little to no waste of light and water • Make it user friendly with a minimal learning curve • Low cost • Low power consumption

4. Specifications • 5 voltage limit for user interface • 25 volt power supply for Green Unit System • Weight limit is constrained to be 65 lbs • 500 Watt limit for power consumption • Two LCD units • $420 budget for entire project

5. LaunchPad (MSP-EXP430G2) MSP430G2231IPN14 - 2kB Flash, • USI (I2C, SPI) (for communication) • Internal Temp Sensor • 8ch 10-bit ADC Free Code Composer Studio version 4, based on Eclipse Cost $4.30

6. Green Unit System Richee Ramsahoye

7. Green Unit System • The growing system will use an aeroponics approach to nurturing the plants • Aeroponics is a method of having the roots of the plants suspended in the air such that the plants can have an increased rate of absorption for nutrients • This will increase the efficiency of use of resources among the system • The system will consist of a sprinkler system with a mist nozzle to distribute the nutrients solution, an LED light source to trigger photosynthesis, and a water management system to control the amounts of water that resides in the reservoir • Nutrient solution is produced by mixing the water in the reservoir with nutrients concentration • The aim is to make this mixing process happen automatically

8. Block Diagram of the Green Unit System

9. LED Light Source • LED light source will be made by hand in an arrangement that adhere to the goals of keeping the cost of materials and the power consumption low while triggering photosynthesis as efficiently possible • With these goals, the LEDs are cascaded in series into multiple parallel branches with only one power source. • The LEDs to be used are red(~630nm) and blue(~470nm) • Proposed Design uses 7.93 Watts of power • Blue LEDs • Maximum Forward Current: 20mA • Voltage Operational Range: 4.5V – 5.5V • Red LEDs • Maximum Forward Current: 30mA • Voltage Operational Range: 1.7V – 2.6V

10. Circuit uses 50 Red LEDs and 40 Blue LEDs with only one power source. • Current is controlled by the series resistor on the end of each branch • Amount of Blue LEDs are reduced because they produce more light than the Red LEDs

11. Nutrients Detection System •This system will measure the electro-conductivity of the water within the reservoir •This will result in the amount of nutrients that are present within the water •Since the electro-conductivity of the water is essentially the resistance of the water, the electro-conductivity can be calculated like a resistance with respect to the geometry of the probe •Equation to calculate Electro-Conductivity of Solution with respect to the resistance: R=  l/A p •With this equation, the resistance of the solution can be determined and therefore, the voltage gain from the amplifier will give the effective resistance of the solution •This equation will determine the geometry of the probe and the conductance of the element

12. Nutrients Detection Schematic • Positive gain amplifier where the probe is treated as the input resistor • This will result in a voltage amplification with the gain being affected by the resistance of the probe • This voltage will lead into an rectification circuit to give the effective resistance of the water and leads into a comparator • The Preset Voltage is user specified and will determine if there needs to be more nutrients to be distributed into the reservoir

13. Nutrients Distribution System • The comparator from the Nutrients Detection System will return a positive voltage if the nutrients needs to be distributed • Thus, a voltage regulator is used to turn on and power the solenoid valve which will start to distribute the nutrients concentration into the reservoir • If the comparator returns a negative voltage indicating there is enough nutrients, the voltage regulator will be off thus shutting the solenoid valve off as well

14. Water Management System • System will work as a means to fill the reservoir when there is an insufficient amount of water • Probe will be used to close the circuit indicating that the reservoir is at an acceptable level • Uses an inverting amplifier configuration to amplify the voltage from the probe • Amplified voltage leads into a comparator which will output the difference with the preset voltage • Output from the comparator already serves to power the solenoid when the probe is opened • When probe is closed, the voltage from comparator will ideally be zero • If the voltage is insufficient to power the solenoid valve, the reservoir will be at an acceptable level. • Accuracy is not a key factor for this part of the design

15. Water Management Schematic

16. Central Control Unit Kaltrin Gjini

17. Purpose • Purpose of the central control unit it to have a physical button interface to control the sensors near the plant. • The button interface allows the user to go through all the sensors and find problems if present. • Allow computer interfacing through USB connection. • Goals are to make it: low cost, efficient in power consumption, and easy to use.

18. Overall Design of Central Control Unit • Problem: There is a lot of wiring and many mistakes in connections can be made.

19. Overall Design • Currently there are allowed 16 sensors allowed. • Overall power use of central control unit below 15 w. • Sending a high turns the selected one on and a low turn it off. • Each sensor has a magnetic switch that jumps from open to closed wire connection and vice versa. • Computer interface is as versatile as button interface and can be added by user. • Meant to allow long distance control of sensors from various locations through internet.

20. Overall Design Button design is depicted below: • There is a on/off button for switching • Two buttons for counting up and down through the sensors using a 16 bit binary counter. • Purpose of R/W button is to choose whether reading a sensor’s status or to write to it by turning it on or off. Also, it is to have an understandable and easy of use physical interface with plant system. • Dimensions: 4cm x 10cm with counter buttons being 0.5 cm in diameter. On/Off and R/W at 1 cm in diameter.

21. Design of Control Core/Dual Signal Copier

22. USB Translator Design • USB translator design depiction: Serial to Parallel conversion. • Problem with this many flip-flops is the wiring. • For example for a 4 D-type chip cost is an issue as well as wiring. But SN74HC595N is less than $1 and there is no need to wire all the components together and create more clutter.

23. Integration of Control Unit With Project • Integration of Control Unit with the rest of the project:

24. Problems • High humidity in plant growing environment • Maybe use cellophane and melt it on top of all circuitry. • However problem with fixing broken circuit arise; such as, changing components. and heat build up from chips. • Problems with USB data flow • Getting the data to flow in the proper order is a problem • Also, bits to arrive at a certain location faster than other bits. • Circuit buttons when pressed tend to create many outputs of 0s and 1s. • De-bouncer circuit needs to be integrated into circuit. • Holding state on the sensors • Employing flip-flops on each of he sensor lines to hold states?

25. Outlet Power Control Rafael A. Abreu

26. What is the Outlet Power Control? Its use to: • Automatically turn devices on/off • Measures watts of the operating device • Dim Lights

27. Specifications •Weight less than 2lb •Max Power measure 1800W •Power Measurement accuracy of  ±3% •Dimension less then:  L- 6"  W- 3"  D-2.5 " •Communication Range up to 90ft

28. Block Diagram

29. Power Supply •LM317 Linear Voltage Regulator:      -Output Range 1.25V- 37V      -Output Current up to 1.5A      -Internal Short-Circuit Current Limiting             Vo=Vref(1+R2/R1)

30. Sensors for Calculating Power Peak Voltage Sensor ACS756 Hall-Effect Current Sensors

31. Controlling Device Zero-Crossing Point Circuit Triac Circuit

32. Dimming the Lights

33. Software & Communications Danny Gonzalez

34. Wireless Communications • The wireless technologies we considered were ZigBee, Bluetooth and Wifi (802.11) • ZigBee was the best wireless communication interface available based on price, compatibility and range • ZigBee is relatively simple and it has been the standard technology used for smart houses • Good amount of sample code available • Wireless internet connections will be required in order to communicate with the thermostat.

35. Comparing Technologies

36. Software Overview • C# language will be mostly used for the writing of the program • JavaScript, html and XML will be used as well in the case the product is launched on a website • Two LCD interfaces will be necessary for the central control unit in the house. These will be programmed through the microcontroller

37. Use Case Diagram

38. Software Block Diagrams

39. Interface Widgets – Implementation Relationships

40. Progress