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Earth Science

Earth Science. Coach Williams Room 310B. Chapter 4: Minerals. 4.1: What is a mineral?. Minerals. Naturally occurring= natural processes Inorganic= not alive Salt or sugar? Solid C hemical make up= element or compound Crystalline structure= geometric pattern. Crystalline Structure.

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Earth Science

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  1. Earth Science Coach Williams Room 310B

  2. Chapter 4: Minerals • 4.1: What is a mineral?

  3. Minerals • Naturally occurring= natural processes • Inorganic= not alive • Salt or sugar? • Solid • Chemical make up= element or compound • Crystalline structure= geometric pattern

  4. Crystalline Structure • Crystal- solid, repeating pattern of atoms • Table 4-1

  5. Minerals FromMagma • Magma- melted substance beneath crust • Cools and forms crystals

  6. Minerals From Solution • Supersaturation of liquids (overfilled) • Solid crystals form

  7. Mineral Groups • 3000 minerals in Earth’s crust • 30 Common • Most are from 8 elements • O, S, Al, Fe, Ca, Na, K, Mg • Silicates • Carbonates • Oxides

  8. Mineral Groups- Silicates • Silicates • Oxygen, silicon, + others • Ex: Quartz

  9. Mineral Groups- Carbonates • Carbonates • Metal + CO3 • Marble and malachite

  10. Mineral Groups- Oxides • Oxides • Oxygen + Metal • Hematite

  11. Mineral Groups- Others • Sulfides= Sulfur • Sulfates= SO4 • Halides= Chlorine/Fluorine + Ca, Na, K • Native Elements- Ag, Cu, Fe, etc…

  12. Chapter 4: Minerals • 4.2: IdentifyingMinerals • Using simple tests to identify minerals • Physical characteristics • Chemical characteristics

  13. Color • Least reliable

  14. Luster • How light is reflected • Metallic or non-metallic • Ex: shiny, dull

  15. Texture • How the mineral feels • Ex: smooth or rough

  16. Streak • Color of a mineral when broken & powdered

  17. Hardness • How easily a mineral can be scratched • Mohs Scale • Harder minerals scratch softer ones

  18. Cleavage/Fracture • Cleavage- breaks easily along a plane • Fracture- breaks with rough, jagged edges

  19. Density/Specific Gravity • Density = mass/volume • Specific Gravity = weight compared to water

  20. Mineral Uses • Ores- mineral mined for profit $$$$$$ • Mines- location of gathering ores • Gems- minerals valued for beauty

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