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Grounded Theory

Grounded Theory. What’s a theory?. Theory . . .

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Grounded Theory

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  1. Grounded Theory

  2. What’s a theory?

  3. Theory . . . • “denotes a set of well-developed categories (e.g., themes, concepts) that are systematically interrelated through statements of relationship to form a theoretical framework that explains some relevant social, psychological, educational, nursing, or other phenomenon. The statements of relationship explain who, what, when, where, why, how, and with what consequences an event occurs” (Strauss & Corbin, 1998, p. 22). • “is more than a set of findings; it offers an explanation about phenomena” (p. 22).

  4. Theories . . . • Can be substantive – “one developed from the study of one small area of investigation and from one specific population” (Strauss & Corbin, 1998, p. 267) or formal – less specific to a group or place, and as such, apply to a wider range of disciplinary concerns and problems” (p. 23). • Have various properties, and when analyzed, they also can be located along certain dimensions and ordered conceptually” (p. 23).

  5. Grounded theory • Is a methodology – a way of thinking (Strauss & Corbin, 1998). • Difference between theory building and doing description – abstracting, reducing, relating as events, acts, and outcomes are conceptualized and classified. • The data are what is relevant, not the particular case or individual. • Conceptual ordering [“the organization of data into discrete categories according to their properties and dimensions and then using description to elucidate those categories” (p. 19)] is prior to theorizing.

  6. Some definitions • Phenomena – Central idea in the data represented by concepts. • Concepts – A labeled phenomenon. The building blocks of theory. • Categories – Are concepts. They are derived from the data and stand for the phenomena. • Properties – Characteristics of a category, the delineation of which defines and gives it meaning. • Dimensions – The range along which general properties of a category vary, giving specification to a category and variation to the theory. • Subcategories – Concepts that pertain to a category, giving it further clarification and specification.

  7. Process/Tasks • Writing memos – capturing analysis and thinking process. • Open coding – conceptualizing. From the data, identify concepts, their properties and dimensions. • Axial coding – begin to reassemble the data that were fractured during open coding. • Relate categories to subcategories along the lines of their properties and dimensions.

  8. Process/Tasks • Coding for process • Look for action/interaction and trace it over time to note if it changes or what enables it to remain the same with changes in structural conditions. • Structure – the conditional context in which a category is situated. • Selective coding - Integrating and refining the categories. • Choose a central category • Basically, tell the story (using the categories) around this central category.

  9. Phenomenon

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