Introduction to Computers

1. Introduction to Computers By Engr. Abdul Hannan Zahid Lecturer Dept. of Chemical Engineering

2. Chapter 1 Introducing Computer Systems Book: Introduction to Computers By Peter Norton 6th Edition

3. Learning Objectives: • List at least five professions in which computers are routinely used, and describe at least on of the ways computers have affected the work of people in those professions. • List the four parts of a computer system. • Identify four kinds of computer hardware. • List the two major categories of software and explain the purpose of each. • List the four most common types of computers available today and describe what kind of job each does best.

4. Computer an electronic device that process data converting, it in to information that is useful to peoples

5. Computer History

6. Charles Babbage • English inventor • 1791-1871 • taught math at Cambridge University • invented a viable mechanical computer equivalent to modern digital computers

7. difference engine Babbage’s first computer • built in early 1800’s • special purpose calculator • naval navigation charts

8. analytical engine, 1834 Babbage’s second computer • Analytical engine • general-purpose • used binary system • punched cards as input • branch on result of previous instruction • Ada Lovelace (first programmer) • machined parts not accurate enough • never quite completed

9. Electrical Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC), 1940’s • an early computer • developed at UPenn • Size: 30’ x 50’ room • 18,000 vacuum tubes • 1500 relays • weighed 30 tons • designers • John Mauchly • J. Presper Eckert

10. Pentium 4 chip has42 million transistors electrical paths now as small as .13 micron Intel 8088 microprocessor (single chip) • used in first IBM personal computer • IBM PC released in 1981 • 4.77 MHz clock • 16 bit integers, with an 8-bit data bus • transfers took two steps (a byte at a time) • 1 Mb of physical memory address limitation • 8-bit device-controlling chips • 29,000 transistors • 3-micron technology • speed was 0.33 MIPS • later version had 8 MHz clock • speed was 0.75 MIPS.

11. DEC LSI-11, Early 1980’s DECPDP-11, mid 1970’s Early Computer These 2 computers were functionally equivalent.

12. Recall Computer Models You are Familiar • 486 • 586 • Pentium I • Pentium II • Pentium III • Pentium IV • Dual Core systems • Quard Core systems • Core 2 Due systems • Core i3 • Core i5 • Core i7 • ……………

13. Digital Computers • Are so called because they work by the “numbers” • Break all type of information in to numbers • Works in sequence of steps

14. Analogue Computers • Earliest computers were analogue computers • They were more flexible than digital but not so reliable • They were mechanical devices weighing several Tons • Used motors and Gears to perform calculations

15. Computers for individual users • Desktop Computers • Work station • Note book • Tablet Pc • Hand Held Pc • Smart Phones

16. TABLET PERSONAL COMPUTER OR TABLET PC Tablet personal computer or tablet PC is a small, thin, flat tablet sized computer has many key features of a full-size PC’s. is essentially a small laptop computer without a keyboard equipped with a touch screen as input device  They accept input from a special pen called a STYLUS or a digital pen used to tap or write directly on screen Many models have fold-out keyboard.

17. TABLET PERSONAL COMPUTER OR TABLET PC

18. HANDHELD PC’S • Small enough to fit in hand • Popular type is Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) • PDA is like small appointment book • PDA is used for taking notes, displaying numbers & addresses • They can connect to internet & can exchange data with large computers

19. HANDHELD PC’S

20. Smart Phones • Cellular phones with advanced features are called as Smart Phones Features can include • Web • E-mail acess • Softwares e.g personal organizera • Hardware e.g digital camera etc.

21. Smart Phones

22. Smart Phones

23. Parts of computer system • Hardware • Software • Data • User

24. Parts of computer system Hardware: Mechanical devices that make up computers Software: Set of instructions that makes the computer perform tasks Data: Consists of individual facts or pieces of information that by themselves may not make much sense to a person Users: People are computer operators

26. Computer Hardware- any part of the computer you can touch. • Processor • Memory • Input and Output Devices • Storage Devices

27. Identify computer hardware

28. Some types of hardware devices. Output Processor Memory Input and output Storage Input

29. Software- electronic instructions to the computer. Also referred to as a “program.” • Two types: • System Software • Application Software

30. System Software: • Operating Systems • Windows 95 • Windows 98 • OS/2 • Disk Utilities

31. Application Software: • Word Processing • Spreadsheets • Graphics • Databases • Entertainment • Educational • Communications • Presentation

32. Application software and system software work together to provide useful output.

33. Software brings a computer to life.

34. Computer for organizations • Network servers • Mainframe computers • Minicomputers • Super computers

35. Microcomputer Supercomputer Minicomputer

36. Network servers

37. Network servers • It is a powerful pc with special software and equipment that enable it to function as a primary computer on the network • Desktop computers connected to one or more centralized computers called Network servers • Purpose of network servers are handling printing, enabling internet communication • They are mounted in large racks or reduced to small units called “blades”

38. Network servers

39. Mainframe computers • Used in large companies such as banks etc where many people need to use same data at a time • It can handle processing needs of thousand of users at any given moment • Each user access the mainframe resource by a device called terminal

40. Mainframe computers Types of terminal Dumb terminal: • Cannot process or store data • It is simple input/output device Intelligent terminal • Can perform some storage • But have not any storage

41. Minicomputers • Introduced in 1960s • A minicomputer is a class of computers that lies in between the mainframe computers and the personal computers. • Also called as  midrange computers • can handle more input & output than pc’s • Most minicomputers can serve the input & output needs of hundreds of users at a time  

42. Minicomputers

43. Supercomputers • Most powerful computers ever made are supercomputers • Large in size than ordinary computers • Can process huge amount of data • Can perform trillion calculations per second. • Are ideal to solve large & complex problems • Used in weather forecasting • Modeling of complex processes like nuclear fission etc

44. Supercomputers

45. Supercomputers

46. Supercomputers

47. Who Uses Computers? • Military • Doctors • Educators • Engineers • Architects • Musicians • Filmmakers • Attorneys • Bankers • Architects

48. Musicians can use MIDI technology to compose and edit their work.

49. COMPUTER USE AT HOME • Communications • Business at home • School work • Entertainment • finances

50. COMPUTER USE IN EDUCATION • Student record • On line lectures • UOGIS • Email portal • Lectures uploading