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A General Biotech Overview

NDSU Biotech Update. A General Biotech Overview. What is Biotechnology ?. How about some definitions. General Definition. The application of technology to improve a biological organism. Detailed Definition. The application of the technology to modify

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A General Biotech Overview

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  1. NDSU Biotech Update A General Biotech Overview

  2. What is Biotechnology? How about some definitions General Definition The application of technology to improve a biological organism Detailed Definition The application of the technology to modify the biological function of an organism by adding genes from another organisms

  3. GMO’s Transgenics GMC’s GM’s HTC’s Other Biotechnology Terms

  4. Packaging – 27% Food handling/preparation – 23% Other – 19% Disease/contamination – 16% Chemicals/pesticides in food – 10% Altered/engineered food – 2% Nothing – 9% What are you concerned about when it comes to food safety?

  5. Molecular markers for breeding DNA Sequencing a genomics Somatic cell and nuclear fusion Transgenetics or gene engineering ( GMO issue) Biotechnology that Transfers Genes is the Focus of Attention:

  6. Agriculture Products On the Market Insect resistant cotton – Bt toxin kills the cotton boll worm Source: USDA Insect resistant corn – Bt toxin kills the European corn borer and root worm Normal Transgenic

  7. Herbicide resistant crops Now: soybean, corn, canola Coming: sugarbeet, lettuce, strawberry alfalfa, potato, wheat Source: Monsanto Virus resistance - papya resistant to papaya ringspot virus

  8. Soybean Corn Canola 62 % 30 % 70 % 4 years!!! Rapid Adaptation – Biotech Crops in N. Dak.

  9. Soybean Untreated Biotech Herbicide Tolerant • National Impact: $1 billion/year lower herbicide costs • Source: National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy • Leonard P. Gianessi, June 2002

  10. Soybean Weed Control: N.D. $/Acre Conventional Herbicide 27.65 Roundup Ready 15.90 Source: National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy Leonard P. Gianessi, June 2002

  11. Corn Untreated Biotech Herbicide Tolerant National Impact: - 5.8 million Lbs./year pesticide use Source: National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy Leonard P. Gianessi, June 2002

  12. North Dakota Field Corn:Biotech Herbicide Tolerant Acres 186,000 (20%) Herbicide Use -186,000 Lbs/year Herbicide Cost - $1.9 million/year Source: National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy Leonard P. Gianessi, June 2002

  13. Bt Corn Biotech Insect Resistant Insect Susceptible National Impact: + 3.5 billion Lbs./year production Source: National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy Leonard P. Gianessi, June 2002

  14. North Dakota: Bt Corn Adoption # of Acres 167,000 (18%) Production + 39 million Lbs. Value + $1.0 million/year Less Pesticides - 19,000 Lbs./year Source: National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy Leonard P. Gianessi, June 2002

  15. North Dakota Field Corn:Rootworms Acreage Treated 126,000(14%) Insecticide Use 154,000 Lbs./year Source: National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy Leonard P. Gianessi, June 2002

  16. Canola Biotech Herbicide Tolerant Conventional National Impact: - $11 million/year herbicide costs Source: National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy Leonard P. Gianessi, June 2002

  17. North Dakota: Canola Acreage

  18. There has never been a greater need for aggressive agricultural research. There has never been more promise of what research can accomplish.

  19. Current Impacts (8 Biotech Crops) • Food and Fiber Production + 4 Billion Lbs. • Farm Income + $ 1.5 Billion • Pesticide Use • - 46 Million Lbs. • Source: National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy • Leonard P. Gianessi, June 2002

  20. Food and Fiber Production + 14 Billion Lbs. Farm Income + $ 2.5 Billion Pesticide Use 163 Million Lbs. Source: National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy - Leonard P. Gianessi, June 2002 National Impacts:40 Biotech Case Studies

  21. Next Generation of Ag Biotech Products Golden Rice – increased Vitamin A content (but not without controversy) Sunflower – white mold resistance Source: Minnesota Microscopy Society

  22. Turfgrass – herbicide resistance; slower growing (= reduced mowing) Bio Steel – spider silk expressed in goats; used to make soft-body bullet proof vests (Nexia)

  23. Biotechnology is Not Just on the Farm Human Disease Treatment Diagnostics Environmental Cleanup Human Applications

  24. Future Health-related Biotech Products Vaccines – herpes, hepatitis C, AIDS, malaria Tooth decay – engineered Streptococcus mutans, the bacteria that destroys enamel

  25. Edible Vaccines Biotech Plants Serve Human Health Needs • A pathogen protein gene is cloned • Gene is inserted into the DNA of plant (potato, banana, tomato) • Humans eat the plant • The body produces antibodies against pathogen protein • Human are “immunized” against the pathogen • Examples: • Diarrhea • Hepatitis B • Measles

  26. Environmental Applications Bioremediation - cleanup contaminated sites; uses microbes designed to degrade the pollution Indicator bacteria – contamination can be detected in the environment

  27. What Are the Ethical Concerns? Are we changing the economics on the farm? Are we irreversibly modifying the environment? Is technology becoming centralized in too few hands? Will we develop a class of genetic outcasts? Are we playing God?

  28. Questions & Discussion

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