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Plate Tectonics: The Theory of Earth's Moving Plates

Explore the theory of plate tectonics and its evidence, including continental drift, seafloor spreading, and plate boundaries. Learn about the forces that drive plate motion and the formation of Earth's surface features. Prepare for standardized tests with chapter reviews.

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Plate Tectonics: The Theory of Earth's Moving Plates

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  1. Key Concept Summary Interactive Concept Map Chapter Review Standardized Test Practice Chapter Review Menu

  2. The theory of plate tectonics states that Earth’s lithosphere is broken up into rigid plates that move over Earth’s surface. The BIG Idea

  3. Lesson 1: The Continental Drift Hypothesis • The puzzle piece fit of continents, fossil evidence, climate, rocks, and mountain ranges supports the hypothesis of continental drift. • Scientists were skeptical of continental drift because Wegener could not explain the mechanism for movement. Key Concepts 1

  4. Lesson 2: Development of a Theory • Seafloor spreading provides a mechanism for continental drift. • Seafloor spreading occurs at mid-ocean ridges. • Evidence of magnetic reversal in rock, thermal energy trends, and the discovery of seafloor spreading all contributed to the development of the theory of plate tectonics. Key Concepts 2

  5. Lesson 3: The Theory of Plate Tectonics • Types of plate boundaries, the location of earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountain ranges, and satellite measurement of plate motion support the theory of plate tectonics. • Mantle convection, ridge push, and slab pull are the forces that cause plate motion. Radioactivity in the mantle and thermal energy from the core produce the energy for convection. Key Concepts 3

  6. Which of these have been found on several continents separated by oceans, suggesting that they were once geographically closer together? A. animals B. ice sheets C. plant fossils D. plate boundaries Chapter Review – MC1

  7. Which of these refers to the process by which new oceanic crust forms along a mid-ocean ridge as older oceanic crust moves away from the ridge? A. continental drift B. plate tectonics C. seafloor spreading D. magnetic reversal Chapter Review – MC2

  8. What is the rigid outermost layer of Earth called? A. mantle B. lithosphere C. plate D. transform plate boundary Chapter Review – MC3

  9. What forms where two plates slide past each other? A. transform plate boundary B. divergent plate boundary C. convergent plate boundary D. semiplastic mantle Chapter Review – MC4

  10. What is the process in which a denser plate sinks below a more buoyant plate? A. seafloor spreading B. convergence C. convection D. subduction Chapter Review – MC5

  11. What is the name of the supercontinent that all continents were once part of? A. Wegener B. Pangaea C. mantle D. seafloor Chapter Review – STP1

  12. Where did scientists find glacial features that are usually associated with cooler climates? A. Antarctica B. plate boundaries C. mountain ranges D. Africa Chapter Review – STP2

  13. Which term refers to vast mountain ranges on the seafloor? A. volcanoes B. oceanic crust C. pillow lava D. mid-ocean ridges Chapter Review – STP3

  14. Which of these states that Earth’s surface is made of rigid slabs of rock that move with respect to one another? A. the theory of plate tectonics B. the theory of mid-ocean ridges C. the theory of divergent plate boundaries D. the theory of transform plate boundaries Chapter Review – STP4

  15. What is the name for the force that pulls on the rest of a plate as part of a dense plate sinks? A. ridge push B. basal drag C. slab pull D. plate tectonics Chapter Review – STP5

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