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Blood samples. Kari Kuulasmaa Luxembourg 9-11 April 2008. Uses of blood samples. Lipid measurements Total cholesterol HDL-cholesterol Glucose Fatty acids and lipoproteins Biomarkers E.g. Refl. nutrition (vitamins, flavonoids..) Antibodies Markers of infection and inflammation DNA.
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Blood samples Kari Kuulasmaa Luxembourg 9-11 April 2008
Uses of blood samples • Lipid measurements • Total cholesterol • HDL-cholesterol • Glucose • Fatty acids and lipoproteins • Biomarkers • E.g. Refl. nutrition (vitamins, flavonoids..) • Antibodies • Markers of infection and inflammation • DNA
Blood collection • Fasting • Not required for cholesterols • 8 h (overnight) for glucose • By certified phlebotomist • Subject in sitting position • Minimal use of tourniquet
Cholesterol • Serum preferred • Clotting in room temperature for 30-60 min • Centrifuging within an hour • Analysis preferably on the day of collection • or on refrigerated samples within 3 days • or frozen samples (max 6 months at -20, longer at -70)
Glucose • Tubes with citrate and fluoride • Centrifuge within an hour • Analysis preferably on the day of collection • or on refrigerated samples within 3 days • or frozen samples (max 6 months at -20, longer at -70)
Change (%) of glucose concentration in whole blood samples Uchida et al. Clinica Chimica Acta 1988;172:101-108
Change (%) of glucose concentration in whole blood samples Citrate-fluoride mix NaF/K-oxsalate NaF/EDTA Li-hep Time (h) Väisänen et al. Kliin Lab 2008; 3-4
Laboratory procedures • Use accredited laboratory • Good direct enzymatic methods are available • CDC has a certification program for clinical diagnostic products for cholesterols • External quality control needs to be set up