Chapter 1 US History: Exploration and the Colonial Era

1. Chapter 1 US History: Exploration and the Colonial Era

2. Earliest Americans came from land bridge over the Bering Straits Estimates say by 1492 were 54 million people in the Americas!! I CAN EXPLAIN THE MOVEMENT OF NATIVE PEOPLES TO THE AMERICAS

3. Major Native American Civilizations Mayans Incas Aztecs Peru Mexico Central America I CAN IDENTIFY THE THREE MAJOR NATIVE CIVILIZATIONS IN THE AMERICA’S

4. Corn planting allowed civilization of the North American continent MAJOR CIVILIZATIONS • Pueblo--American Southwest • Mound Builders--Ohio River Valley • Iroquois--present day NY North American Native Cultures I CAN IDENTIFY THE THREE MAJOR NATIVE CIVILIZATIONS IN THE AMERICA’S

5. The Iroquois Located in present day New York area Developed the Iroquois Confederacy Led by leader Hiawatha I CAN DESCRIBE THE IROQUOIS CONFEDERACY

10. Early discoverers of the Americas included the Norsemen from Scandinavia Most famous Viking explorer was Leif Ericson Settled in area presently known as Newfoundland, but they called it Vinland I CAN EXPLAIN THE IMPACT OF THE NORSEMEN ON AMERICAN HISTORY

11. 3 Things That That Encouraged Exploration Christian Crusades created a taste for Asian goods The Renaissance--means a rebirth of learning. Peak was 1400s Marco Polo (Prince of Liars) went to China and stayed for 20 years and told of coals, silk, and fireworks I CAN LIST 3 THINGS THAT ENCOURAGED EXPLORATION

12. Traveled to the tip of Africa Bartholomeu Dias Portugalfirst country to encourage trading and exploration and spurred on by Prince Henry the Navigator Vasco de Gama PORTUGAL Traveled around the southern tip of Africa I CAN EXPLAIN PORTUGUESE EXPLORATION AND ITS EFFECTS

13. Treaty of tordesillas Eastern half went to Portugal Western half went to Spain Authorized the Pope to divide the New World with the Line of Demarcation 1494 Spain Portugal I CAN IDENTIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF THE TREATY OF TORDESILLAS

14. Ferdinand and Isabella Sponsored Christopher Columbus in 1492 Leaders of Spain that united Spain with good leadership and money I CAN IDENTIFY THE IMPACT OF FERDINAND AND ISABELLA OF SPAIN

15. CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS Sponsored by Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain Landed in San Salvador and mistakenly called the natives Indians and because of this the Bahamas becomes known as the West Indies Traveled with 3 ships: Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria I CAN ASSESS THE IMPACT OF CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS ON THE NEW WORLD

16. What does this drawing show? Look at the background, what symbols are present? How are the Indians perceived in this picture? What changes in relations between Europeans and Indians do you think will take place?

17. ??????????????????????????? What does the picture and caption tell you? Do you think the Spanish were helping Native Americans? What are some ironies/paradoxes you notice based on this picture? How much of a motive was religion in the brutality of the conquest of the Americas?

19. Columbian Exchangeor the transfer of goods involved 3 continents, Americas, Europe and Africa * Squash * Avocado * Peppers * Sweet Potatoes* Turkey * Pumpkin * Tobacco * Quinine* Cocoa * Pineapple * Cassava * POTATO* Peanut * Tomato * Vanilla * MAIZE * Syphilis 90% of Native Population Will die b/c of disease! * Olive * Coffee Beans * Banana * Rice* Onion * Turnip * Honeybee * Barley* Grape * Peach * Sugar Cane * Oats* Citrus Fruits * Pear * Wheat * HORSE* Cattle * Sheep * Pig * Smallpox* Flu * Typhus * Measles * Malaria* Diphtheria * Whooping Cough I CAN IDENTIFY THE BACKGROUND AND GOODS OF THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE

24. 7 Famous Spanish Conquistadores Balboa Ferdinand Magellan Ponce de Leon Coronado Hernando de Soto Pizzaro Hernando Cortes I CAN LIST AND IDENTIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SPANISH CONQUISTADORES

25. Vasco Balboa Spanish conqueror who first saw the Pacific Ocean Named it the South Sea 1513 I CAN LIST AND IDENTIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SPANISH CONQUISTADORES

26. First man to circumnavigate the world Started with 5 ships and 260 people, came back with one ship and 17 people Killed by natives in the Philippines 1519 Ferdinand Magellan I CAN LIST AND IDENTIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SPANISH CONQUISTADORES

27. Ponce de Leon While looking for gold and silver and the “fountain of youth” he discovered Florida Florida 1513 I CAN LIST AND IDENTIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SPANISH CONQUISTADORES

28. Francisco Coronado Heard of the “7 Cities of Gold” Discovered the Grand Canyon I CAN LIST AND IDENTIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SPANISH CONQUISTADORES

29. 1st to find the Mississippi River and nicknamed it the “Father of Waters” Hernando de Soto I CAN LIST AND IDENTIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SPANISH CONQUISTADORES

30. Conquered the Inca’s in Peru 1532 Pizarro Inca’s I CAN LIST AND IDENTIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SPANISH CONQUISTADORES

31. “Governor Pizarro now sent Friar Vicente de Valverde to go speak to Atahuallpa, and to require Atahuallpa in the name of God and of the King of Spain that Atahuallpa subject himself to the law of our Lord Jesus Christ and to the service of His Majesty the King of Spain. Advancing with a cross in one hand and the Bible in the other hand, and going among the Indian troops up to the place where Atahuallpa was, the Friar thus addressed him: ‘I am a Priest of God, and I teach Christians the things of God, and in like manner I come to teach you. What I teach is that which God says to us in this Book. Therefore, on the part of God and of the Christians, I beseech you to be their friend, for such is God’s will, and it will be for your good.’

32. “Atahuallpa asked for the Book, that he might look at it, and the Friar gave it to him closed. Atahuallpa did not know how to open the Book, and the Friar was extending his arm to do so, when Atahuallpa, in great anger, gave him a blow on the arm, not wishing that it should be opened. Then he opened it himself, and, without any astonishment at the letters and paper he threw it away from him five or six paces, his face a deep crimson.

33. “The Friar returned to Pizarro, shouting, ‘Come out! Come out, Christians! Come at these enemy dogs who reject the things of God. That tyrant has thrown my book of Holy Law to the ground! Did you not see what happened?! Why remain polite and servile toward this over-proud dog when the plains are full of Indians? March out against him, for I absolve you

34. “The Friar returned to Pizarro, shouting, ‘Come out! Come out, Christians! Come at these enemy dogs who reject the things of God. That tyrant has thrown my book of Holy Law to the ground! Did you not see what happened?! Why remain polite and servile toward this over-proud dog when the plains are full of Indians? March out against him, for I absolve you!”

35. 1519 Conquered the Aztecs of Mexico Aztecs of Mexico Hernando Cortes I CAN LIST AND IDENTIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SPANISH CONQUISTADORES

36. MONTEZUMA Aztec leader when the Spanish arrived Tenochtitlan--Aztec capital, today it is called Mexico City

37. ENCOMIENDASYSTEM System of forced labor the Spanish forced brutally upon the Native Americans I CAN DESCRIBE THE ENCOMIENDA SYSTEM

38. St. Augustine First permanent Spanish settlement in the United States 1565 I CAN IDENTIFY THE FIRST MAJOR SPANISH SETTLEMENT IN NORTH AMERICA

39. “Black Legend” Misconception that all the Spanish did was rob, rape, and kill the Natives In reality, they clothed, educated, married, converted Natives I CAN DESCRIBE THE IDEA OF THE “BLACK LEGEND”

40. Don Juan de Onate 1599 Conquistador who abused and conquered the Pueblo Indians in New Mexico I CAN LIST AND IDENTIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SPANISH CONQUISTADORES

41. Cabrillo Conquistador who discovered the coast of California I CAN LIST AND IDENTIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SPANISH CONQUISTADORES