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The Environment. The Environment. Managing the Environment Brief History of Environmental Interest The Future of the Environment. Managing the Environment. Managing the Environment. Transnational Issue Multifaceted Ground, water, air quality, ozone layer, global warming
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The Environment • Managing the Environment • Brief History of Environmental Interest • The Future of the Environment
Managing the Environment • Transnational Issue • Multifaceted • Ground, water, air quality, ozone layer, global warming • Based on collective goods/ public goods • Global context • Free riders • Tuna • Space junk
Brief History of Environmental Interest
Brief History • Global interest only recent • Postmaterialism • Green Party (1984) • NGOs • IGOs • MNCs
Brief History People NGOs • World Wildlife Fund (WWF) (1960) Protecting Pandas in China
Brief History People NGOs • World Wildlife Fund (WWF) (1960) • Earth Day (1970)
Brief History People NGOs • World Wildlife Fund (WWF) (1960) • Earth Day (1970) • Greenpeace (1971) Rainbow Warrior in China to raise awareness about clean energy and promote a nuclear free future
Brief History People NGOs • World Wildlife Fund (WWF) (1960) • Earth Day (1970) • Greenpeace (1971) • Earthwatch Institute(1971) Help bring black rhinos back from the brink of extinction.
Brief History: IGOs UN Environment Programme (UNEP) • Started Stockholm 1972 Conference • Montevideo, 1982 • Laws • Montreal Protocol (1987): CFCs • Rio de Janeiro, 1992 • Earth Summit: Sustainable development • Johannesburg, 2002 • Sustainable development • Rio + 20, 2012 • Focus on ‘Green Economy’ Kyoto Protocol (2005) • Climate Change Convention
Brief History: IGOs World Bank • Late 1980s/ early 1990s • Millennium Development Goals • Comprehensive Wealth Accounting • Policy analysis, planning
Brief History: MNCs Eco-consciousness • Consumer demands • Responsible businesses/ products • MNCs • Economic incentive Eco-practices • Going green v. ‘greenwashing’ • Wal-Mart goes green • Hewlett-Packard • ‘Fair Trade’ label • Sustainable development
The Future Approaches • ‘Band-Aid’ solution • Cooperation & conservation • Self-interested actors http://www.bharathtech.com/2012_02_01_archive.html
The Environment • Managing the Environmental • Brief History of Environmental Interest • The Future of the Environment