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The Environment. The Environment. Managing the Environment Brief History of Environmental Interest The Future of the Environment. Managing the Environment. Managing the Environment. Transnational Issue Multifaceted
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The Environment • Managing the Environment • Brief History of Environmental Interest • The Future of the Environment
Managing the Environment • Transnational Issue • Multifaceted • Ground, water, air quality, ozone layer, global warming, endangered species • Based on collective goods/ common goods • Global context • Free riders • Tuna • Space junk • Tragedy of the commons http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-20203072
Brief History of Environmental Interest
Brief History • Global interest only recent • Post-materialism • Keep America Beautiful • Green Party (1984) • NGOs • IGOs • MNCs
Brief History People NGOs • World Wildlife Fund (WWF) (1960) Protecting Pandas in China
Brief History People NGOs • World Wildlife Fund (WWF) (1960) • Earth Day (1970)
Turning off the tap = 2.5 gal/minute = >50 gal. water wasted each week
Brief History People NGOs • World Wildlife Fund (WWF) (1960) • Earth Day (1970) • Greenpeace (1971) Rainbow Warrior in China to raise awareness about clean energy and promote a nuclear free future
Brief History People NGOs • World Wildlife Fund (WWF) (1960) • Earth Day (1970) • Greenpeace (1971) • EarthWatch Institute(1971) Help bring black rhinos back from the brink of extinction.
Brief History: IGOs UN Environment Programme (UNEP) • Stockholm Conference (1972) Kyoto Protocol (1997) • Climate Change Convention • Rio + 20 (2012) • Earth Summit (1992) • Focus on ‘Green Economy’ • Sustainable development
Do you use compact fluorescent bulbs in the majority of lights in your living space?
1 Incandescent bulb for 1 CFL bulb = taking 7.5 million cars off the road = enough extra energy to power 2.5 million homes for 1 year
Brief History: IGOs World Bank • Late 1980s/ early 1990s • Millennium Development Goals • Comprehensive Wealth Accounting
Brief History: MNCs Eco-consciousness • Consumer demands • Responsible businesses/ products • MNCs • Economic incentive Eco-practices • Going green v. ‘greenwashing’ • ‘Fair Trade’ label http://money.cnn.com/galleries/2007/fortune/0703/gallery.green_giants.fortune/10.html
Do you accept bags when shopping?
Which takes up more landfill space? a) 1 reusable cotton bag b) 350 plastic bags
The Future Approaches • ‘Band-Aid’ solution • Cooperation & conservation • Self-interested actors -Resource usage is unsustainable -Humans are depleting resources too quickly http://www.bharathtech.com/2012_02_01_archive.html
The Future Which has a greater environmental impact? a) Eating meat b) Driving your car
The Future • Eating a quarter pounder hamburger = driving a car 10 miles • Produces more greenhouse gases than transportation or industry sectors
The Environment • Managing the Environmental • Brief History of Environmental Interest • The Future of the Environment