1 / 9

Syntactic Rules Must Account for the Following

Syntactic Rules Must Account for the Following.  The grammaticality of sentences  Word order  Hierarchical organization of sentences  Grammatical relations  Structural ambiguity  Different structures with the same meaning  The creative aspect of language.

felicia-armstrong
Download Presentation

Syntactic Rules Must Account for the Following

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Syntactic Rules Must Account for the Following  The grammaticality of sentences  Word order  Hierarchical organization of sentences  Grammatical relations  Structural ambiguity  Different structures with the same meaning  The creative aspect of language. Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2003. An Introduction to Language. Boston, MA: Wadsworth, p. 123, adapted.

  2. Phrase Structure Tree 1 “Phrase structure trees (PS trees, for short) are explicit graphic representations of a speaker’s knowledge of the structure of the sentences of his language.” Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, p. 90.

  3. Phrase Structure Tree 2 “A PS tree is a formal device for representing the speaker’s knowledge of the structure of sentences in his language, as revealed by our linguistic intuitions.” Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, p. 91.

  4. Simplified Grammar of “English” PS Rules Version 1 1. S  NP VP 2. NP  Det N (R) 3. VP  V NP 4. VP  V (R) 5. VP  V PP (R) 6. PP  P NP 7. VP  V CP 8. CP  C S 9. NP  NP PP (A) 10. VP  Aux VP (A) Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, pp. 93, 96, 97, 100, 101, 107.

  5. Simplified Grammar of “English” PS Rules Version 2 1. S  NP VP 2. NP  Det N’ 3. Det  NP poss 4. NP  N’ 5. NP  NP PP 6. N’  Adj N’ 7. N’  N 8. VP  V 9. VP  V NP 10. VP  V CP 11. VP  Aux VP 12. VP  VP PP 13. PP  P NP 14. CP  C S Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, p. 110.

  6. Simplified Grammar of “English” PS Rules Version 2 See pp. 112-114 of the textbook for additional rules. Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, pp. 112-114.

  7. Use of PS Rules  Generate grammatical sentences  Test to see if sentences are grammatical Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2003. An Introduction to Language. Boston, MA: Wadsworth, p. 140.

  8. Hanyu Pinyin Phonemic and Spelling Alphabetand Syllabary for Modern Standard Chinese

  9. Assessing a Grammar If our GRAMMAR is complete, it should generate / describe / account for / allow / explain ALL grammatical sentences AND NO ungrammatical sentences THIS MEANS: 1. IF a rule allows an ill-formed sentence, then it must be …. 2. IF our Grammar (or a rule in our grammar) says: This sentence is grammatical (and it is), then we can say the grammar is …. 3. IF our Grammar (or a rule in our grammar) says: This sentence is grammatical (BUT WE KNOW it is NOT GRAMMATICAL), then we say the grammar is .…

More Related