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Syntactic Rules Must Account for the Following

Explore syntactic rules accounting for grammaticality, word order, hierarchically structured sentences, relations, and ambiguity. Learn about phrase structure trees and rules for generating and testing grammatical sentences through examples. Discover transformational processes in syntax including verb-adverb and wh-question transformations.

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Syntactic Rules Must Account for the Following

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  1. Syntactic Rules Must Account for the Following  The grammaticality of sentences  Word order  Hierarchical organization of sentences  Grammatical relations  Structural ambiguity  Different structures with the same meaning  The creative aspect of language. Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2003. An Introduction to Language. Boston, MA: Wadsworth, p. 123, adapted.

  2. Phrase Structure Tree “A phrase structure tree is a formal device for representing the knowledge that a speaker has of the structure of sentence in his language.” Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2003. An Introduction to Language. Boston, MA: Wadsworth, p. 138.

  3. Phrase Structure Rules S  NP Aux VP NP  Det N (PP) VP  V (NP) (PP) PP  P NP AP  Adj (PP) ( ) means OPTIONAL Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2003. An Introduction to Language. Boston, MA: Wadsworth, p. 140.

  4. Use of PS Rules  Test to see if sentences are grammatical  Generate grammatical sentences Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2003. An Introduction to Language. Boston, MA: Wadsworth, p. 140.

  5. Hanyu Pinyin Phonemic and Spelling Alphabetand Syllabary for Modern Standard Chinese

  6. Revised Phrase Structure Rules S  NP Aux VP NP  (Det) (AP) N (PP) VP  V (NP) (PP) (Adv) (CP) PP  P NP AP  Adj (PP) CP  Comp S XP XP Conj XP Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2003. An Introduction to Language. Boston, MA: Wadsworth, p. 150.

  7. Verb-Adverb Transformation (before) S NP VP Det N V Adv The father wept silently Victoria Fromkin and Robert Rodman. An Introduction to Language, sixth edition. Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1998, p. 138.

  8. Verb-Adverb Transformation (after) S NP VP Det N Adv V The father silently wept Victoria Fromkin and Robert Rodman. An Introduction to Language, sixth edition. Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1998, p. 138.

  9. Wh-Question Transformation (after) S S PROwh Aux NP VP Npr Vt What can Mary accomplish Nick Cipollone, Steven Hartman Keiser, Shravan Vasishth, editors. Language Files, seventh edition. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1998, p. 206

  10. Transformations  Verb-Adverb Switching  Yes-No Question  Verb-Particle Switching  Wh-Questions  Passive  Topicalization

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