Dr. Robert E. Foster Director, Bio Systems Office of the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Science & Technology

1. Science & TechnologyforHuman Systems Integration (HSI) Dr. Robert E. Foster Director, Bio Systems Office of the Deputy Under Secretary of Defensefor Science & Technology February 4, 2003MANPRINT Practitioners Workshop

2. Setting the Stage… “Subordinate to the human dimension of warfare is the command and control piece, those things that facilitate decisions…. What they give us is situational awareness. Situational awareness increases the information we have to make decisions. It does not mean we’re gonna make the right decision just because we have the information.” [emphasis added] BG Honore, USA in 66 Stories of Battle Command by Frame and Lussier, 2000

3. What I’m thinking about… • Transformational knowledge systems • Optimizing first spiral utility: disciplined HSI • “Warrior Readiness” • HSI centered • Human Systems Reliance as a resource • Small businesses = a resource (SBIR) • Interdisciplinary teamwork = KEY enabler The foundation of HSI is SCIENCE

4. CognitiveReadiness Representation Knowledge- Centric Warfare JointVision2020 Human-Computer Interaction Human-Machine Optimized Distributed Collaborative Technologies Intelligent Applications & Decision Support + Distributed Information Management Network- Centric Warfare JointVision2010 Information Infrastructure Seamless Global Information Access Sensors and Sources Are we transforming capability or just building infrastructure? What are the metrics?

5. Knowledge Systems—Integrated Training, Decision-Support and Automation • Create a Continuous Learning Environment • “Self-Sharpening Sword” • All work experiences/episodes of performance become learning opportunities • Automated feedback & remediation • Dynamic Distribution of Function Between Human and System based on: • Individual strengths / weaknesses • Criticality of mission • Workload & other performance indicators • Dynamic Function Allocation • Team level

6. Warrior ReadinessJoint Warfighting Capability Objective • Warrior Readiness is the capability to have all warfighters and support personnel cognitively and physically ready to conduct assigned missions and operations. • It spans the human dimension of warfare to include force health protection, personnel performance and training, personnel protection, cognitive and behavioral adaptability, mission planning and rehearsal, status reporting and predictive assessment, and human systems integration into warfighting. The human is the prime resource and key enablerin all warfighting systems.

7. System Interfacesand CognitiveProcessing Personnel,Training, andLeader Development Protection,Sustainment, andPhysical Performance Human Systems RelianceEnhancing Human Capabilities Distinct Subareas SHARING • Strong scientific foundation in the areas of cognition, learning, human performance, human protection • Develop human performance metrics • Define human-system integration methods • Develop human system design tools for all topical research and development • Document, document, document… (research produces knowledge!) Common Principles

8. Human SystemsSub-Area Descriptions • Supports warfighting needs in data presentation and situational understanding via aural, visual, tactile, and immersive interfaces for individuals and teams. • Uses intelligent aiding, decision support, and decision-centered process control to speed, expand, measure, and optimize the cognitive processing capabilities of the human operator in all aspects of warfighter operations. • Strengthens unit readiness and reduces costs through advances in force management and modeling, selection and classification, and leader development. • Transforms training by developing and transitioning innovative training strategies, media, and advanced training performance measures. • Supports full spectrum operations through personal protection, sustainment, and physical performance technologies. • Includes combat clothing and individual equipment; combat rations and field-feeding equipment; logistics readiness; physical aiding and enhancement; vehicle escape and crash safety; warrior survival and rescue; aerial delivery; and dismounted, mounted, and aircrew warrior systems integration, including warfighter systems analysis.

9. Human SystemsDefense Technology Objectives 30 FY-03 DTOs

10. Army • SBCCOM, Soldier, Biological & Chemical Command,Natick Soldier Center (NSC), Natick, MA • ARL, Army Research Laboratory (HQ), Adelphi, MD • ARL, Aberdeen Proving Grounds, MD • ARI, Army Research Inst. for Behavioral & SocialSciences, Alexandria, VA • Leader Development Rsch Unit, Ft. Leavenworth, KA • Armored Forces Rsch Unit, Ft. Knox, KY • Infantry Forces Rsch Unit, Ft. Benning, GA • Rotary-Wing Aviation Rsch Unit, Ft. Rucker, AL • STRICOM, Simulation, Training and InstrumentationCommand, Orlando, FL • Air Force • AFRL, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH (HQ) • AFRL, Mesa, AZ • AFRL, Brooks AFB, TX • Navy • NAWC-AD, Naval Air Warfare Center, Aircraft Division,Patuxent River, MD • NSWC, Naval Surface Warfare Center, CarderockDivision, Bethesda, MD • NPRST, Navy Personnel Research, Studies andTechnology, Millington, TN • NAWC-TSD, Training Systems Division, Orlando, FL • SPAWAR, Space & Naval Warfare Systems Command,San Diego, CA Human Systems LaboratoriesExpand Your Community Note: DARPA is emerging as a player in Training.

11. OSD Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program FY-03 Thrusts: • Tools and techniques for conducting Cognitive Task Analysis (CTA) and Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA), and employing the results • Tools and techniques for conducting quantitative trade studies • Human-centered design coordination processes and tools Cognitive Readiness for TransformationalKnowledge Systems

12. Human Systems / Information Systems Workshop The Human Dimension in Future C4ISR Systems • Purpose: • To help assure the human dimension of C4ISR is deliberately addressed early in the information system development cycle • To initiate, facilitate and, ultimately, institutionalize effective cooperation between Human Systems Professionals and Information Systems Professionals in order to enhance the warfighters' decision making capability • Goals and Objectives: • Identify issues facing the HS and IS communities (common issues, particular issues, issues with each other, issues with an outside agency) • Identify inhibitors to collaboration (political, financial, cultural, organizational, technological) • Identify similarities and differences between metrics, measurements, tools and techniques used by the HS and IS communities • Identify strategies to enhance collaboration • Familiarize participants with case studies of successful and unsuccessful HS and IS cooperation and collaboration • Provide networking opportunities

13. Workshop Findings & Conclusions • Problems, and therefore solutions, can be sorted into three major areas: • Acquisition process/cycle • C4ISR development cycle • Social and interpersonalfactors (e.g., culture, education,language, communication, experiences, trust, perceived value) • WHAT is needed and WHY • Increased HS/IS cooperation and collaboration is needed • To ensure usable and useful systems in the increasingly information-rich, and information dependent warfighting environment • HOW to do it • Cooperate and collaborate through clearly defined roles, a shared vision, management support, and the use of appropriate concepts, methods, tools, techniques, measures and metrics • Final report available on request All of these areas must be addressed to build better C4ISR systems.

14. Key Challenges(or how to make HSI a “no brainer”) • Quantifying impact (on fielded human-in-the-loop capability, total ownership affordability) • Proving impact (establishing causal flow from the practice of HSI) • Marketing impact (packaging the above and telling the right people) • Drawing strength through outreach (across components, disciplines, sectors, etc.) • Establishing strategic goals & objectives for improving the state of the practice (develop a plan and execute it!)