Closing Activity:

2. Closing Activity: • What are 2 characteristics of communism? • What would a communist say about capitalism? • What would a capitalist say about Communism? • Why was Stalin suspicious of USA/Britain? • Why is the US giving away money? • What are 3 things that suck about living under communism? • Why is the US suspicious of USSR?

3. Summary: PASS • Finish these sentences… • 1. The ______ • 2. T ______ • 3. K _____ • 4. K _________ w • 5. K ______ • 6.

4. Trying to gain Countries (Allies) for World War III

8. United Nations UN • Formed in 1945 after WWII • centered in New York • Mission: to keep peace and tackle world problems • NOT repeat the mistakes of the League of Nations • General Assembly • Began with 51 nations. Now has 193 – all can vote – voice opinions • Security Council 15 countries – makes the decisions • 5 Permanent members with VETO power

9. 5 permanent members of the UN Security Council • USSR, Britain, USA, China, France • Can Veto (stop) any UN action

11. Cold War 1945-1991 name: _______ NOTES: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ • Directions: Label and color the countries that were affected directly by the Cold War. Also include a key and countries aligned with NATO and Warsaw Pact. Include the ‘Iron Curtain” as well

12. Cold War 1945-1991 • Directions: Label and color the countries that were affected directly by the Cold War. Also include a key and countries aligned with NATO and Warsaw Pact. Include the ‘Iron Curtain” as well

13. Cold War • A conflict that is not “hot” (no actual war) • Just doing things to hurt your enemy without actually going to war • The Reason – • M utually • A ssured • D estruction • The fact that both sides will definitely die so we try to avoid conflict at all costs

14. Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD) • Defense Secretary Robert McNamara came up with this policy • The idea was to build up your nuclear arsenal to make the counter-strike so frightening that neither side would use their weapons • The belief was that if no one – Soviet or American – could survive a nuclear war, then there would not be one

15. Has NOTHING to do with snow or cold temperatures • A 46 year (1945-1991) competition between the USA vs USSR • Each side was trying to prove which society was the best • The Soviet Union was trying to get communism to new countries (China, Korea, Vietnam, Cuba, etc.) • The U.S. was trying to stopcommunism from spreading • There were indirect wars – China, Korea, Vietnam, Cuba (almost) • US supported one side USSR supported the other • There were 2 Germanys (east/west Germany – Berlin Wall) • There was an “arms race” each side was racing to make more nuclear bombs than the other side • There was a “space race” a race to see who could get into space 1st • Cuba allied with USSR and pointed missiles at the US • Each side had hundreds of spies

16. Different Ideologies(ideas that shape and guide a group) East (Soviet Union USSR) West- (USA and Western Europe) Capitalism (profit $$$ goes to the people) – more stores and stuff to buy but there are winners and losers (rich and poor) Democracy – Rule by the people Free speech, free press Free travel outside the country Trying to stop the spread of communism In God we trust • Socialism (government controls all – jobs, industry, housing, education, healthcare) • No one is homeless • No one is without healthcare • Not a lot of things to buy • Rule by 1 party (communist party) • Government controlled media (no free speech) • Want communism to spread • Citizens cannot leave (barbed wire) • Godless- atheism

17. What would Lenin say about capitalism? What would a millionaire say about Socialism?

19. America: stopping the Spread of the Red

20. Atheist: NO God materialist- everything is “matter” there’s no soul –no heaven-no God • “religion is the opiate of the masses” • People need to be stirred up, mad want Revolution • Religion was a “drug” that got people thinking of heaven • Most communists were atheists • Believers were heavily persecuted • Closed and destroyed churches • Thousands of priests sent to concentration camps or shot • Brainwashed kids • Museums of atheism • Anti- religious posters • “Red” weddings/funerals

21. *You hate communism *You wanted Hitler to weaken us *You didn’t share the German rocket technology * You dropped 2 atomic bombs on Japan to scare us *You give money to countries to stop communists *You are godless atheists *Communists take away people’s land and businesses *You don’t allow freedom *You are trying to spread communism around the world *You force communism on countries

22. Why didn’t Stalin trust Americaor Britain?

23. “Issues” between the U.S. and USSR • 1. After WWII -Soviet Troops stayed in Eastern European countries and forced them to have communist governments • 2. US shared nuclear secrets with Britain but not Russia • 3. The United States was sneaky with the German rocket technology • 4. Stalin said that he would allow free elections in eastern Europe – but didn’t • 5. Communists destroy religion • 6. Communists want to spread communism • 7. Stalin started giving weapons and $$ to Mao and the communists in China • 8.US giving money to Greek fighters against communism

24. “The following circumstances should not be forgotten. • The Germans made their invasion of the USSR through Finland, Poland and Romania. • The Germans were able to make their invasion through these countries because, at the time, governments hostile(against) to the Soviet Union existed in these countries. • What can there be surprising about the fact that the Soviet Union, anxious for its future safety, is trying to see to it that governments loyal in their attitude to the Soviet Union should exist in these countries?”  • Joseph Stalin

25. In simpler terms: • My country has been invaded twice in the last 25 years by Germany • I need friendly countries on my borders as a ‘protection zone’ • What’s so wrong with that?

26. Why didn’t the US and Britain Trust Stalin?

27. KGB: Russian spies and secret policeCIA: spies from the USA

29. Churchill, Truman, Stalin Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin Yalta, Russia February 1945 Potsdam, Germany July 1945

30. Yalta, USSR Potsdam, Germany

31. Meetings between Allied leaders at the end of WWII • Yalta - February 1945 • Friendly • Divide Germany into 4 parts • USSR agrees to help with Japan • Potsdam- July 1945 • Not friendly • Disagreements over Germany and Eastern Europe • US has the atomic bomb and Stalin knows it Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin Churchill, Truman, Stalin

32. YALTAPOTSDAM • AGREEMENTS  • USSR agrees to help with Japan • Divide Germany into 4 parts (including Berlin) • Free elections in E Europe • E. Europe can be a Soviet “sphere of influence” • Punish for the holocaust • All join the UN • Only disagreement: • Land in Poland • DISAGREEMENTS  • Not friendly • Stalin wants Germany weak • Stalin wants reparations from Germany– Truman doesn’t • Truman is mad that Stalin won’t allow “free” elections in Eastern Europe • No compromises made • Stalin very suspicious about America’s new weapon

33. Potsdam, Germany July 1945 Yalta, Russia Feb. 1945 Churchill, Truman, Stalin Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin

35. After WWII Stalin’s armies stayed in the countries of eastern Europe and rigged elections to make sure that all of them had Communist governments

36. 1.When were the 2 meetings of Yalta and Potsdam? 2.Was Hitler dead for both? 3. Was the Atomic bomb available for both? 4. What were some things that were decided at Yalta? 5. What were some changes by the time Potsdam came around? 6. What were “issues” at each?

37. Closing Activity: Complete these sentences • 1. Yalta… • 2. Potsdam… • 3.The 3 leaders at Yalta were • 4. The 3 leaders at Potsdam were…5. Eastern European countries… • 6. Truman and Stalin disagreed at Potsdam by…. • 7.

38. Who ‘s to Blame? • Stalin leaving military troops in Eastern Europe -(USSR) • The Western nations form NATO - (USA) • Churchill gives a speech criticizing Stalin for the ‘Iron Curtain’ • United States dropping two atomic bombs on Japan • Stalin arrests opponents of communism in Eastern European countries • The US gives billions in aid in the Marshall Plan • Russians close the borders of Eastern Europe with barbed wire • Britain, France and the US join their parts of Germany together to form West Germany • The Russians form Cominform to help communism in countries around the world • Stalin blockades the city of Berlin to attempt to gain capitalist West Berlin • Truman says that the US will get involved to stop communism (containment)

39. Who’s more to blame? • Russian troops stay in Eastern Europe • Stalin arrests opponents of communism in E. Europe • Russians close the borders of Eastern Europe with barbed wire • Berlin blockade • The Russians form Cominformto push communism in other countries • Churchill’s “iron curtain” speech insults USSR • Truman says that the US will get involved to stop communism (containment) • The US gives billions in aid in the Marshall Plan • Formation of west Germany • The Western nations form NATO

40. Churchill’s reference to the “Iron Curtain” • From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an "iron curtain" has descended across the Continent. • Iron Curtain: a curtain or wall of barbed wire and guards that stop anyone in eastern Europe from leaving and going to the west

41. West Berlin: the island of capitalism in the sea of communism

42. The Marshall Plan • The United States loaning millions of dollars and goods to the countries in Europe to help revive their economies • And keep their capitalistic governments stable so that they wouldn’t turn to communism

43. In 1947 President Truman came up with a policy of • “Containment” • Without knowing much, what do you think this policy was going to be about?

44. Truman Doctrine A.K.A “Containment:” The U.S. policy of getting very involved in containing communism to the countries where it already is Giving aid in money and weapons to countries who are in danger of falling to communism Goal: DON’T LET IT SPREAD! Even going to war • Think – China, Korea, Vietnam

45. Containment man Korean War Vietnam War

47. Contain the “Kool AID” COMMUNISM

48. America: stopping the Spread of the Red

49. Berlin Wall: Constructed 1961- Torn down 1989

50. Berlin Blockade of 1948 • 1949 US, Britain and France joined their 3 parts together • This infuriated Stalin and he cut off all supply lines into Berlin • The Allies flew supplies into Berlin • Stalin decided not to start a war so West Berlin remained free