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Energy Resources. Chapter 9. Section 1 Energy resources. Fossil fuels – energy resources formed from ancient decayed organisms. Coal – formed in swampy regions from decayed plants and sediment. Pressure and heat caused chemical reactions: Peat to lignite. Lignite to bituminous coal.
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Energy Resources Chapter 9
Section 1 Energy resources • Fossil fuels – energy resources formed from ancient decayed organisms. • Coal – formed in swampy regions from decayed plants and sediment. • Pressure and heat caused chemical reactions: • Peat to lignite. • Lignite to bituminous coal. • Oil and natural gas – formed in oceans from decayed algae, plankton, and sediment. • Pressure and heat caused chemical reactions. • B. Move upward – less dense than surrounding rock.
Section 1 (continued) • B. Pollution – caused by burning fossil fuels. • Acid rain – gases released by burning coal or oil mix with water in the air. • Pollutes soil – harms plants and trees. • Pollutes water – harms aquatic life. • Nonrenewable – fossil fuels – used up faster than nature can replace them. • World’s energy needs provided by: coal – 29 percent; oil and natural gas – 61 percent.
Section 1 • Coal – could last 200-300 years. • Oil – could last 30-40 years. • Natural gas – could last 60 years. • Conserving electricity – one way to reduce the use of fossil fuels and reduce pollution.
Section 2 • Renewable resources – energy that can be recycled or replaced. • Solar energy – uses energy from the Sun • Solar cells – change light into electricity. • Enough energy reaches Earth in one hour to supply world for a year. • Disadvantages: • Available only when the Sun is shining. • No technology to harness all the Sun’s energy.
Section 2 • Wind farms – many windmills in one area • Disadvantages: • Not steady • Only a few regions with strong enough winds. • Wind farms dangerous to birds.
Section 2 • Hydroelectric power – using moving water • Sources of moving water. • Natural waterfalls • Concrete dams • Disadvantages: • Increased erosion downstream • Wildlife habitats disturbed • Some places not near flowing water.
Section 2 • Geothermal energy – uses the magma and hot rocks beneath Earth’s surface. • When magma close to Earth’s surface – geyser erupts. • Disadvantages: • Can be harmful to environment. • Few places have magma near Earth’s surface. • Places with no magma near the surface need deep wells.
Section 2 • Nuclear energy – produced by splitting nuclei of certain elements. • Fission – name for the splitting process. • Most common element used in nuclear power plants – uranium • Disadvantages: • Produces radioactive nuclear waste. • Possible problems in storing nuclear waste.
Section 3 • Water – vital to life on Earth • 70 percent of Earth covered by water. • Less than one percent available for human use. • Two major sources of public water supply. • Groundwater – water found under Earth’s surface. • Surface water- on surface of Earth • -ponds , lakes, streams, reservoirs • 3. Water pollution – harmful debris, chemicals or biological materials added to water. • Laws to reduce water pollution. • Safe Drinking Water Act – ensures safe drinking water. • The Clean Water Act – gives states money to build water treatment plants.
Section 4 • Land – renewable resources • Amount of land is limited. • People must use land wisely. • Preserve natural habitats. • Reduce soil erosion.
Section 4 • Forests – land resource – tress • Important produce – wood. • Conservation – careful use of resources to reduce environmental damage. • Select cutting – limited number of trees in one area are cut down and replaced. • Clear-cutting – all trees in one area are cut down and replaced. • Tree – renewable resource – can plant a new tree. • Forest – nonrenewable resource – complex ecosystem.
Section 4 • Minerals – land resource found in rocks. • Ore – mineral mined at a profit. • Found under Earth’s surface. • Metals – such as iron. • Mining – process used to reach ore. • Moves large quantities of soil and rock • Affects the environment.
