ERICA : The EUROPEAN TILTROTOR

1. ERICA:The EUROPEAN TILTROTOR Marco CICALE’ AGUSTA Coordinator of the ERICA Projects

2. SUMMARY • THE ERICA TILTROTOR • Its innovative solutions • Architecture • Performance • CRITICAL TECHNOLOGY PROGRAMS • Tiltaero, Adyn, Act-Tilt, Dart, Trysid • The VTOL Aircraft in the ATM • The Public Acceptance • New Regulations • Airport Operations

3. AIRPORT CONGESTION WHY TILTROTOR? Airport Efficiency Improvement Airport Expansion • Space • Environment • Social Impact BEST SOLUTION: TILTROTOR

4. INNOVATIVE DESIGN TILT WING TILTROTOR ERICA

5. ERICA LAYOUT

6. INNOVATIVE DESIGN Small Rotor Diameter ERICA Tiltable Wing Structural Continuity of Tilting Mechanism

7. INNOVATIVE DESIGN Small rotor diameter: • improved safety: landing in a/c mode • enhanced flight envelope (whirl flutter delayed) • reduction of systems weight (rotors and wing) • increased efficiency and speed in A/C mode • higher productivity • higher versatility (aircraft mode take-off capability)

8. INNOVATIVE DESIGN Tiltable Wing • improved performance in helicopter mode (low down-load) • reduction of rotor diameter permissible • conversion corridor enlargement (improve HQ) • improved H/C mode autorotation capability (improve HQ) • slight weight penalties

9. INNOVATIVE DESIGN Rotor tilting mechanism structurally continuous • Simplification of System • Nacelle’s Rotation Synchronising Mechanism no longer necessary • Safety & Reliability Improved

10. Helicopter Mode 90o Nacelle Angle Conversion Mode 0o Aeroplane Mode INNOVATIVE DESIGN

11. Point to Point Connection 5% Hover - 95% Cruise Productivity +30% of present T/R High Speed (350Kts) High Range (650NM) 19 - 22 Pax Cruise at high altitude (7500 m) VTOW 10000 kg-STOW 11000 kg Adaptability to different roles • Search & Rescue • Paramilitary • Medevac • VIP • Corporate DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

12. PERFORMANCE COMPARISON CONVENTIONAL T/R ERICA • Power limits • Wing stall limits

13. SUMMARY • THE ERICA TILTROTOR • Its innovative solutions • Architecture • Performance • CRITICAL TECHNOLOGY PROGRAMS • Tiltaero, Adyn, Act-Tilt, Dart, Trysid • The VTOL Aircraft in the ATM • The Public Acceptance • New Regulations • Airport Operations

14. TILT ROTOR European Critical Technology Projects EUROPEAN CTP ADYN TILT ROTOR DYNAMICS AND NOISE TRISYD DRIVE SYSTEM & TILTING MECHANISMS DART ADVANCED ROTOR FOR TILT ROTOR TILTAERO INTERACTIONAL AERODYNAMICS ACT_TILT CONTROL SYSTEM FOR TILT ROTOR

15. EUROPEAN CTP • All the projects are running (2000-2006) • NICE-TRIP FP6 (2006-2010) Main Partners: AGUSTAWESTLAND EUROCOPTER (Aerospace Industries/ Research Centres/Univerities…) COSTS 38.5 Meuro (co-funded by EU)

16. TILTAERO TILT-Rotor Interactional AEROdynamics PURPOSE • Validation and improvement of existing CFD tools • Design, manufacturing and testing of a large scale powered half-span mock-up (Mach scaled) • Feasibility studies for the design of a powered full-span mock-up

17. ADYN Tiltrotor Acoustics, DYnamics and Noise PURPOSE • Wind Tunnel Tests with the same TILTAERO model to study: • Performance • dynamics • noise

18. ADYN ADYN The whirl flutter instability Carlo L. Bottasso, Lorenzo Trainelli, "Aeroelastic Analysis of Tilt-Rotors Using Finite Element Multibody Procedures", Dipartimento di Ingegneria Aerospaziale, Politecnico di Milano, 2002.

19. ACT-TILT Active Control Technology for TILT-rotor PURPOSE • Define the architecture of the ERICA Flight Control System (Flight by Wire / Flight by Light) • Define new Control Laws for the ERICA flight envelope considering also the additional degree of freedom of the tiltable wing • Validate, through pilot in the loop simulation, the new Control Laws

20. ACT-TILT + Tiltable Wing degree of freedom

21. EC WHL UoL NLR DLR ACT-TILT HANDLING QUALITIES ASSESSMENT

22. DART Development of an Advanced Rotor for Tiltrotor PURPOSE • Design, manufacturing and test a new FULL SCALE hub,following the dynamic requirements of the ERICA tiltrotor • Define and optimise the thecnology process

23. TRISYD Tilt-Rotor Integrated drive SYstem Development PURPOSE • Design, manufacturing and test a new drive system for the ERICA tiltrotor • Define the technology for the conversion systems • Define monitoring systems (HUMS) to reach the safety requirements of the ERICA project

24. TRISYD Lubrication Test Nacelle integration

25. 6th FRAMEWORK PGM Preparation for the 6th FRAMEWORK • INTEGRATION OF THE TECHNOLOGIES IN A WHIRL TOWER TEST + POWERED SCALED WIND TUNNEL MODEL • AGUSTA-WESTLAND AND EUROCOPTER WILL BE THE LEADER OF THE INTEGRATED PROJECT • MANY OTHER INDUSTRIES, RESEARCH CENTRE AND UNIVERSITIES WILL BE ALSO INVOLVED (EUROPEAN AND NOT)

26. SUMMARY • THE ERICA TILTROTOR • Its innovative solutions • Architecture • Performance • CRITICAL TECHNOLOGY PROGRAMS • Tiltaero, Adyn, Act-Tilt, Dart, Trysid • The VTOL Aircraft in the ATM • The Public Acceptance • New Regulations • Airport Operations

27. TILTROTOR IN ATM • THE TILTROTOR (T/R) AS THE SOLUTION FOR THE CONGESTION PROBLEM • T/R CAN OPERATE IN ALL WEATHER CONDITIONS FROM AIRPORTS OR VERTIPORTS STRATEGICALLY LOCATED TO PROVIDE CONVENINET ACCESS TO OTHER TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS(TRAIN STATIONS, HIGHWAYS…) • VERTIPORTS: NEW ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS CENTERS • T/R CAN PROVIDE AIR SERVICE INTO HUB AIRPORTS TO FEED THE LARGER, LONG DISTANCE AIRCRAFT (A ROLE THAT COMMUTER TURBOPROPS PLAY TODAY) • T/R COULD DISPLACE A LARGE PERCENTAGE OF THE SMALL AIRPLANE FLIGHTS AND FREE UP THE SLOTS FOR LARGER AIRCRAFT • PART OF THE MONEY USED FOR NEW AIRPORTS COULD BE USED TO DEVELOP THE T/R SYSTEM: IT WOULD COST LESS • MORE OPTIONS FOR PASSENGERS DEPARTURES

28. TILTROTOR IN ATM AIRPORT OPERATIONS PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE NEW REGULATIONS CONNECTED WITH THE NEW TECHNOLOGY

29. PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE ACOUSTIC VIRTUAL NOISE (Non Acoustic)

30. PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE ACOUSTIC CAUSES • Rotors noise • Fountain effect (T/R) • Main rotor wake/tail rotor interaction (H/C) • Blade vortex interactions (BVI) SOLUTIONS FRIENDCOPTER • Tiltable Wing (T/R) • Present studies on the reduction of BVI • Active blade controls (flaps, HHC, IBC…) • Flying at heights greater than today (3000 ft above cities; 5000 ft above rural areas)

31. PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE VIRTUAL NOISE The Community Says: Increase of the level of dB: +15/20 dB(A) Is the helicopter (T/R) safe? Is it controllable? Perceived intrusion Different noise respect to the more common fixed wing noise SOLUTIONS • Publicity Campaigns (Industries, Operators, Associations…) • Better public relations: understand the concerns & needs of each other • Heliports in noisy area • Re-routing, increase of flyover heights, operational procedures

32. NEW RULES THE NEW TECHNOLOGIES OF THE TILTROTOR NEEDS NEW REGULATIONS • Nacelle Tilting Mechanism • Flight Quality Requirements in the Conversion Corridor • Flight Quality Requirements with FBW System • Handling Qualities Criteria • Emergency Conditions (Cat. A, …) • Flight Deck Design • Pilot Licence FAR25+29+SC

33. FLT TEST TEST RESULTS PROOF OF COMP. CERTIFICATION BASIS LIMITED OPERATIONAL CERTIFICATION NEW RULES CERIFICATION PROCESS ( FTE F. Paolucci (ENAC), FTP Maj. G. Cito (ITAF) ) DESIGN Iterative Certification Process for a Live Certification Basis

34. AIRPORT OPERATIONS • Objective: Remove IFR R/C & T/R from runway traffic by using their specific, non dependent, procedures • Advantages: • for the pilot: shortened approaches (time / fuel savings) • for the controller: removes “slow traffic” from RWY approach (easier A/C-R/C-T/R separation) • for airport neighbours: less noise thanks to higher approach routes and steep final leg • for airport authorities: adds movements without contribution to RWY congestion (passenger throughput)

35. H H AIRPORT OPERATIONS • Current ILS Procedure Visual Manoeuvre Leaving ILS when RWY in sight Standard Separation • SNI R/C Go-around R/C Separation A/C Separation

36. AIRPORT OPERATIONS • SNI potential for future R/C operations • Combined use of Helicopters and Tilt-Rotors for Hub Feeder operations can increase passenger throughput • NASA / Boeing Studies +20% to + 30% passenger throughput Provides 50% as much delay reduction as a new runway (NASA study)

37. OPEN QUESTIONS • Which are the actions that Industries, Operators, Associations, Regulations Agencies should give themselves in order to reach the goal of the introduction of the VTOL aircraft in the ATM? • In the case of an SNI approach, what should be the minimum separation with the other traffic? • What is the required navigational performance of the SNI approach procedure and how sensitive is this procedure to items as weather, system failures…? • What are the requirements in terms of visually acquiring, observing and guiding rotary-wing traffic to separate them from other IFR fixed-wing traffic by the control tower? • Does the traffic controller need special equipment, algorithms, etc. in order to reduce the mental stress or the conflict-solving predictive capability? • What about the new regulations connected with the new technology (Nacelle Tilting Mech., Conversion, HQ, …) ? • …

38. CONCLUSIONS • THE AGUSTA ADVANCED TILTROTOR ERICA IS A STEP FORWARD FOR THE AIR TRANSPORT • THE RUNNING CRITICAL TECHNOLOGY PROJECTS ALLOW TO REINFORCE THE EUROPEAN KNOWLEDGE IN THE DOMAIN • THE 6th EUROPEAN FRAMEWORK PROGRAM WILL CONTRIBUTE TO THIS GLOBAL OBJECTIVE WITHIN A LARGE PARTNERSHIP • INDUSTRIES, OPERATORS, ASSOCIATIONS, REGULATION AGENCIES SHOULD GIVE THEIR EFFORT IN ORDER TO INTRODUCE THE VTOL IN THE ATM

39. WELCOME ON BOARD