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European values, history, and institutions

European values, history, and institutions. TEM Summer School 2014 C édric Gossart. European anthem : Final movement of Beethoven's 9th Symphony (1823). Bonjour !. Cédric Gossart PhD from the University of Sussex (SPRU-Science and Technology Policy Studies).

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European values, history, and institutions

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  1. European values, history, and institutions TEM Summer School 2014 Cédric Gossart European anthem: Final movement of Beethoven's 9th Symphony (1823).

  2. Bonjour ! Cédric Gossart PhD from the University of Sussex (SPRU-Science and Technology Policy Studies). Associate professor in the Institut Mines-Telecom (Telecom Business School). A couple of questions to warm up… Where does Europe end? http://gossart.wp.mines-telecom.fr/

  3. Outline I. European values II. Institutions III. History

  4. The borders of Europe

  5. EUROPE Year = 1025

  6. EUROPE Alps Pyrenees Taurus

  7. The European Union: How many countries? • 6 • 12 • 28 • 50 http://europa.eu/pol/enlarg/index_en.htm

  8. Home quiz

  9. EUROPE

  10. The European Union in 2014 (28 MS) http://europa.eu/abc/maps/index_en.htm

  11. Why the EU? Thanks to Schuman & co.: 60 years of peace in Europe http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DWgEcw6R7NQ

  12. http://bookshop.europa.eu/en/the-european-union-pbIK3112132/

  13. The Eurogroup (€ zone in the EU); 18 MS http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurozone

  14. NB: Ireland is not part of Schengen. There are a number of countries whose nationals do not need a visa to visit the EU for three months or less. The list of countries whose nationals require visas to travel to the United Kingdom or Ireland differs slightly from other EU countries. http://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/travel/entry-exit/non-eu-nationals/index_en.htm http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/what-we-do/policies/borders-and-visas/schengen/index_en.htm

  15. Who can join? The Treaty on European Union states that any European country may apply for membership if it respects the EU's democratic values and is committed to promoting them. But specifically, a country can only join if it meets all the membership criteria: • political – it must have stable institutions guaranteeing democracy, the rule of law and human rights; • economic – it must have a functioning market economy and be able to cope with competitive pressure and market forces within the EU; • legal – it must accept established EU law and practice – especially the major goals of political, economic and monetary union. http://europa.eu/pol/enlarg/index_en.htm

  16. Who joined & when? http://europa.eu/pol/pdf/flipbook/en/enlargement_en.pdf

  17. Candidate countries http://europa.eu/pol/enlarg/index_en.htm

  18. Why enlargement? http://europa.eu/pol/pdf/flipbook/en/enlargement_en.pdf

  19. Why joining? Interviews with EU citizens http://ec.europa.eu/avservices/video/player.cfm?sitelang=en&ref=I073240

  20. I. European values New MS have to align with European values. What are the values of the EU? Where can we find them?

  21. European values Article 2 of the current EU treaty: • The Union’s aim is to promote peace, its values and the well-being of its peoples • It offers its citizens an area of freedom, security and justice • It supports the sustainable development of Europe • It fights social exclusion • Its contibutes to peace, security, sustainable development of the planet http://europa.eu/about-eu/basic-information/decision-making/treaties/index_en.htm

  22. Founding treaty of The Union Treaty of Lisbon (December 2009)

  23. The Treaty of Lisbon http://europa.eu/lisbon_treaty/index_en.htm • ‘Lisbon Treaty’ signed in December 2007, entered into force in December 2009. • Similar to Constitutional Treaty but removed constitutional terminology and symbols. Further opt-outs and concessions to UK and others (Charter of Human Rights, voting on foreign policy, …).

  24. The Charter of Fundamental Rights The Charter is fully endorsed by the Union’s founding treaty. As a consequence, all Union citizens are on the same legal playing field and can use European laws to defend themselves. http://www.europarl.europa.eu/charter/default_en.htm

  25. The Charter of fundamental rights Set out in a single text, for the first time in the European Union's history, the whole range of civil, political, economic and social rights of European citizens and all persons resident in the EU. These rights are divided into 6 sections: • Dignity • Freedoms • Equality • Solidarity • Citizens' rights • Justice http://www.europarl.europa.eu/charter/default_en.htm

  26. Chapter I. Dignity • Article 1. Human dignity Human dignity is inviolable. It must be respected and protected. • Article 2. Right to life 1. Everyone has the right to life. 2. No one shall be condemned to the death penalty, or executed. • Article 3. Right to the integrity of the person 1. Everyone has the right to respect for his or her physical and mental integrity. 2. In the fields of medicine and biology, the following must be respected http://www.europarl.europa.eu/charter/default_en.htm

  27. Chapter I. Dignity • Article 4. Prohibition of torture and inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment No one shall be subjected to torture or to inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. • Article 5. Prohibition of slavery and forced labour 1. No one shall be held in slavery or servitude. 2. No one shall be required to perform forced or compulsory labour. 3. Trafficking in human beings is prohibited. http://www.europarl.europa.eu/charter/default_en.htm

  28. Chapter II. Freedoms • Article 6. Right to liberty and security • Article 7. Respect for private and family life • Article 8. Protection of personal data • Article 9. Right to marry and right to found a family • Article 10. Freedom of thought, conscience and religion • Article 11. Freedom of expression and information • Article 12. Freedom of assembly and of association • Article 13. Freedom of the arts and sciences • Article 14. Right to education • Article 15. Freedom to choose an occupation & right to engage in work • Article 16. Freedom to conduct a business • Article 17. Right to property • Article 18. Right to asylum • Article 19. Protection in the event of removal, expulsion or extradition http://www.europarl.europa.eu/charter/default_en.htm

  29. Chapter III. Equality • Article 20. Equality before the law • Article 21. Non-discrimination • Article 22. Cultural, religious and linguistic diversity • Article 23. Equality between men and women • Article 24. The rights of the child • Article 25. The rights of the elderly • Article 26. Integration of persons with disabilities http://www.europarl.europa.eu/charter/default_en.htm

  30. Chapter IV. Solidarity • Article 27. Workers' right to information & consultation • Article 28. Right of collective bargaining and action • Article 29. Right of access to placement services • Article 30. Protection in the event of unjustified dismissal • Article 31. Fair and just working conditions • Article 32. Prohibition child labour & protection young people at work • Article 33. Family and professional life • Article 34. Social security and social assistance • Article 35. Health care • Article 36. Access to services of general economic interest • Article 37. Environmental protection http://www.europarl.europa.eu/charter/default_en.htm

  31. Chapter V. Citizen's rights • Article 39. Right to vote and to stand as a candidate at elections to the European Parliament • Article 40. Right to vote and to stand as a candidate at municipal elections • Article 41. Right to good administration • Article 42. Right of access to documents • Article 43. Ombudsman • Article 44. Right to petition • Article 45. Freedom of movement and of residence • Article 46. Diplomatic and consular protection http://www.europarl.europa.eu/charter/default_en.htm

  32. Chapter VI. Justice • Article 47. Right to an effective remedy and to a fair trial • Article 48. Presumption of innocence and right of defence • Article 49. Principles of legality and proportionality of criminal offences and penalties • Article 50. Right not to be tried or punished twice in criminal proceedings for the same criminal offence http://www.europarl.europa.eu/charter/default_en.htm

  33. Why the EU? A view from two major artists http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_Resnais http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night_and_Fog_%281955_film%29 http://www.theharvardadvocate.com/content/romain-gary-short-biography

  34. European Union quiz When was the treaty currently governing the Union signed? • 1957 • 1985 • 1993 • 2007 He is one the founding fathers of the EU, who is he? • Winston Churchill • Charles de Gaulle • Jean Monnet • Charles Aznavour Lisbon (Portugal)

  35. EU treaties timeline http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_European_Union_history

  36. What is the EU doing for its citizens? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U3p9AhXrcJ4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ljo1hDFOviQ Other suggested short movies: 20th Anniversary of the Fall of the Berlin Wall http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x2_3gJ0WW6k Rostropovich cello performance in front of the Berlin Wall http://youtu.be/FiwXUJJjL6g

  37. II. EU institutions • Since December 2009: • 1) A more democratic and transparent Europe, • 2) A more efficient Europe, • 3) A Europe of rights, values, freedom, solidarity,& security, • 4) Europe as an actor on the global stage. http://europa.eu/lisbon_treaty/glance/index_en.htm

  38. EU institutions The “Big Five”

  39. Institutions: The “Big Five” • There five main EU institutions: • European Parliament (legislative power) • European Council (political power) • Council of Ministers (legislative power) • European Commission (executive power) • European Court of Justice (judicial power) http://europa.eu/about-eu/institutions-bodies/index_en.htm

  40. WARNING The Council of Europe is NOT an institution of the European Union. COE: An international organisation http://www.coe.int/ COE headoffices in Strasbourg

  41. The European Parliament • Directly elected EU institution that represents the citizens of the Member States • Oversees EU institutions, especially Commission • Shares legislative powers, including budgetary power, with the Council and the Commission • 751 new MEPs since 25 May 2014 • Location: Strasbourg (FR) • Ex-President: Martin Schulz (social democrat, Ger) http://www.europarl.europa.eu (16 January 2012 – 18 June 2014)

  42. The new European Parliament (25 May 2014) Turnout 43.09% http://www.results-elections2014.eu/en/election-results-2014.html

  43. The European Council http://www.european-council.europa.eu • Highest political body • Made up of the most senior elected political representatives of the Member States — prime ministers and presidents with executive powers. • It gives the EU its political direction and sets its priorities. • President elected by the members of the European Council: Herman Van Rompuy Location : Brussels (conservative, B)

  44. Overview on EU Policy The European Council Sets the political Priorities of the EU ♠The Lisbon Agenda (competitiveness) - European research area - Small and Medium Sized enterprises (SME’s) - Life long learning - Unemployment rates ♣Sustainable Development ♥Social and territorial Cohesion - The regional policy - The social agenda

  45. The decision triangle European Commission Council of the EU European Parliament

  46. The decision triangle according to Plantu http://www.ena.lu?lang=1&doc=28183

  47. The European Commission • EU executive branch • Accountable to the European Parliament. • Shares with the Parliament the power to initiate proposals for legislation. • Enforces the Union’s policies, ensures that the budget is implemented, manages EU programmes, represents the EU in international negotiations and makes sure that the treaties are applied properly. • Location: Brussels • President: José Manuel Barroso http://ec.europa.eu

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