HEALTHY FOR LIFE!

1. HEALTHY FOR LIFE!

2. The four lifestyle diseases we have chosen to research are; • Lung cancer • Skin cancer • Diabetes • and Stress

3. Lung cancer – What is it? Lung cancer is a growth of abnormal cells inside the lung. These cells grow and multiply much faster than normal cells. The abnormal cells cling together to form a lump known as a tumour and if the cells begin growing inside the ling it is called a primary lung tumour.

4. What are the two main types of lung cancer?Cancers that begin in the lungs are divided into 2 main types, non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer. Non-small cell lung cancer, which is the most common type of lung cancer, responsible for nearly 85 per cent of all lung cancers, affects the cells that cover the main bronchi (tubes into the lungs) and smaller airways. Non-small cell lung cancer usually spreads to further organs at a slower rate than small cell lung cancer. Small cell lung cancer, which usually starts in the middle of the lungs and is very strongly associated with cigarette smoking, is responsible for about 15 per cent of all lung cancers.

5. What causes lung cancer? Ninety per cent of all lung cancer is the effect of cigarette smoking. The younger a person starts to smoke, the higher the risk of developing lung cancer. Another cause of lung cancer is passive smoking (breathing in the smoke from other peoples cigarettes).

6. How to manage your lifestyle to avoid getting lung cancer; • don’t smoke • avoid other smokers/places with smokers • reduce smoke risks around you (ask your family/friends to not smoke around you)

7. Skin cancer – What is it? Skin cancer is a harmful growth on the skin which can have many causes. Skin cancer generally develops in the outermost layer of skin, so a tumour is usually clearly visible. This makes most skin cancers detectable in the early stages.

8. What are the main types of skin cancer? Most types of skin cancer are basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) which may be locally disfiguring but are unlikely to spread to other parts of the body. The most dangerous type of skin cancer is malignant melanoma. Even though it is rare, malignant melanoma is responsible for 75 % of all skin cancer related death cases.

9. What causes skin cancer? Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun is the main cause of skin cancer. Energy from the sun actually is a form of radiation. It consists of visible light and other rays that people can't see. Invisible infrared radiation, makes sunlight feel hot. UV also is invisible, and causes sunburn and sun tan. UV rays damage DNA, the genetic material that makes up genes. Genes control the growth and overall health of skin cells. If the genetic damage is severe, a normal skin cell may begin to grow in the uncontrolled, disorderly way of cancer cells. UV also can cause sunburn, and other damage that makes the skin look prematurely old and wrinkled.

10. How to manage your lifestyle to avoid getting skin cancer; • avoid sunburns (sunscreen does not protect you from getting melanoma) • avoid sun exposure during the day (usually from 10 AM to 3 PM), when the sun is highest in the sky • wearing protective clothing like hats when outdoors • use a sun block of about SPF 50 • reapply sunscreen every 2 hours and after swimming

11. Diabetes – What is it? Diabetes is a serious disease where the body does not manufacture enough insulin or use insulin properly. The pancreas produces the hormone insulin. Our bodies use insulin to convert sugar, starch and other foods into energy. When you have diabetes, your body either produces too much insulin or is unable to use its own insulin to breakdown sugar and starches. This causes sugar to build up in your body which leads to life threatening consequences.

12. What are the main types of diabetes? Type 1 diabetes occurs in children and young adults and normally results in life-long insulin dependency. Type 2 diabetes occurs in adults who usually have a family history of diabetes, who are overweight or physically inactive. Type 2 diabetics can usually control their diabetes with medication and by participating in a nutritional program. Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that only occurs in pregnant women. If it goes untreated it can cause significant problems for the mother and unborn child.

13. Symptoms • Many people do not realize they have diabetes. Diabetes can cause serious health problems that affect your heart, your circulatory system, your vision, and can create the necessity for lower extremity amputations. • Symptoms can include: • Frequent urination • Excessive thirst • Unexplained weight loss • Vision changes • Sores that are slow to heal • Numbness and tingling in the lower extremities • Exaggerated emotional disturbances

14. Steps to Prevent Diabetes or Diabetes related illnesses: • Talk to your doctor to find out if you are at risk for diabetes • Exercise: People at risk for diabetes should exercise a minimum of 30 minutes per day. • Eat healthy - eat more fruits and vegetables, limit sweets and processed foods. Contact your health care provider for a nutritional program that meets your needs. • Eat Healthy • Starting as a child and continuing through life, the best defense against getting, or managing diabetes, is a healthy diet.

15. Stress – What is it? Stress is your body's way of responding to any kind of demand. It can be caused by both good and bad experiences. When people feel stressed by something going on around them, their bodies react by releasing chemicals into the blood. These chemicals give people more energy and strength, which can be a good thing if their stress is caused by physical danger. But this can also be a bad thing, if their stress is in response to something emotional and there is no outlet for this extra energy and strength.

16. What types of stress is there? • There are four main types of stress they are; • survival stress • environmental stress • internal stress • fatigued and overworked stress

17. What causes stress? Stress has many causes just like there is many types of stress but the main causes of stress in this presentation is internal stress and fatigued and overworked stress. Internal stress is when people make themselves stressed. This often happens when we worry about things we can't control or put ourselves in situations we know will cause us stress. Some people become addicted to the kind of hurried, tense, lifestyle that results from being under stress. They even look for stressful situations and feel stress about things that aren't stressful.

18. Fatigue and Overwork builds up over a long time and can take a hard toll on your body. It can be caused by working too much or too hard at your job(s), school, or home. It can also be caused by not knowing how to manage your time well or how to take time out for rest and relaxation. This can be one of the hardest kinds of stress to avoid because many people feel this is out of their control.

19. How does stress affect you? Stress can affect both your body and your mind. People under large amounts of stress can become tired, sick, and unable to concentrate or think clearly. Sometimes, they even suffer mental breakdowns.

20. How can you avoid stress? • To avoid stress you can; • take time out for yourself • organise your time • eat healthy (healthy body healthy mind) • exercise regularly (exercise helps release stress)

21. By Sabina and Tegan