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Institutions of Culture

Institutions of Culture. G overnment R eligion E conomics E ducation F amily. G overnment. There are four major types of governments: Anarchy Autocracy Oligarchy Democracy. 1. Anarchy. A system in which no one is in charge These hardly ever exist

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Institutions of Culture

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  1. Institutions of Culture Government Religion Economics Education Family

  2. Government • There are four major types of governments: • Anarchy • Autocracy • Oligarchy • Democracy

  3. 1. Anarchy • A system in which no one is in charge • These hardly ever exist • Usually, a strong individual takes charge…. • …until he is killed • Ex: Somalia, Iraq?

  4. 2. Autocracy(Dictatorship) Col. Muammar al-Gaddafi Adolf Hitler (Nazi Germany) • Government in which one person holds all power • Will of people is ignored • Military dictatorship – dictator is backed by army • Might have elections, but these are a fake

  5. 3. Oligarchy • Rule by an elite group • These are found in two variations: • Monarchy • Theocracy

  6. Monarchy • A system in which power is held by one family • Power is passed down from one generation to the next • Two types: • Constitutional • Absolute

  7. Queen Elizabeth II (UK) Constitutional Absolute Monarch has final say in all matters Many exist in Middle East Monarch’s power is limited Sometimes monarch gets say in law In most cases, they are symbolic King Abdallah al-Saud (Saudi Arabia)

  8. Theocracy • Rule by religious leaders • Law is usually based on the religion • Ex: Sharia law is based on the Koran

  9. 4. Democracy • True Democracy • People’s will is directly translated into policy • Don’t exist • Why? • Representative Democracy • Republic • Small group is elected to act as representatives of the people • They express the popular will • For this to work, people must be informed and stay involved!

  10. Religion • There are three major types of religions: • Animism • Polytheism • Monotheism

  11. 1. Animism • Belief that earthly things (nature, ancestors, etc.) contain spiritual energy • Communication with spirits • Found mostly in tribal societies • Ex: Africa, Native Americans

  12. 2. Polytheism • Belief in two or more gods • There are two main polytheistic religions, both of which are found in South Asia: a) Hinduism b) Buddhism

  13. a) Hinduism • Thousands of years old • Mixture of religious traditions in India • Followed by 800 million people, most of whom live in India and Nepal

  14. b) Buddhism • Founded around 600 BC in India • Founder, Siddhartha Gautama, broke away from Hinduism to find his own path to enlightenment • Most of its over 500 million followers live in East Asia

  15. 3. Monotheism • Belief in one god • Three major monotheistic religions • Judaism • Christianity • Islam • All were founded in Middle East

  16. a) Judaism • Founded over four thousand years ago • Abraham is founding father • Currently has about 15 million followers, mostly in Israel, the US, and Europe

  17. b) Christianity • Based on the life and teachings of Jesus • Based on the Bible • 2.2 billion followers

  18. c) Islam • Founded in the 600s AD by Muhammad • Fastest growing religion • Two major types: • Sunni • Shi’ite

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