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From Legend to History: The Old English and Medieval Periods (449-1485)

From Legend to History: The Old English and Medieval Periods (449-1485). I. The Conquest of Britain. A. Early Conquerors 1. Iberians a. from present day Spain and Portugal 2. Celts a. most important conquerors from S. Europe who migrated west between 800 and 600 B.C.

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From Legend to History: The Old English and Medieval Periods (449-1485)

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  1. From Legend to History:The Old English and Medieval Periods (449-1485)

  2. I. The Conquest of Britain A. Early Conquerors 1. Iberians a. from present day Spain and Portugal 2. Celts a. most important conquerors from S. Europe who migrated west between 800 and 600 B.C. b. divided into two groups i. Brythons (Britons) settled in Britain ii. Gaels settled in Ireland c. farmers and hunters d. fierce loyalty to their clan e. Druids i. priests who settled disputes ii. recited long, heroic poems that preserved the past

  3. B. Roman Conquest 1. 55B.C.--Julius Caesar invades Britain to no avail 2. 43A.D.--Claudius invades and is able to establish towns 3. Roman rule lasts for 300 years

  4. II. Christianity A. 597—St. Augustine converted King Ethelbert of Kent to Christianity B. Schools established in Canterbury and York C. Monastery established in Canterbury 1. monks were scribes who recorded manuscripts (books)

  5. III. Danish Invasion—9th Century A. Growing population of Norway and Denmark forces people to set sail for England B. Alfred the Great of England stops the invasions 1. brings back learning and education

  6. IV. Norman Conquest A. Invade the coast of France—9th Century B. Normans were devout Christians C. William of Normandy (William “The Conqueror”) 1. gains control of throne of England D. Feudalism 1. brought to England by the Normans 2. a political and economic way of life 3. an exchange of property for personal service a. person granting property was the lord b. person receiving property was the vassal 4. king kept most of the land

  7. V. Reign of the Plantagenets A. Norman rule ends in 1154 B. Henry Plantagenet comes to throne of England as Henry II 1. Henry comes in direct conflict with the Church 2. appoints Thomas Becket to archbishop’s seat in Canterbury 3. Becket defies Henry and appeals to the pope 4. Henry is angered and his knights misunderstand his wrath 5. knights murder Becket to Henry’s dismay 6. Henry makes a pilgrimage to Becket’s tomb in Canterbury

  8. VI. Magna Carta A. King promised not to tax land without barons’ (land owners) agreement B. Shifts power toward a constitutional government

  9. VII. Literature A. Saxon Literature 1. begins with the recitation of long poems a. heroic poetry—praising the achievements of warriors b. elegiac poetry—lamenting the deaths of loved ones 2. Beowulf is the most famous heroic poem

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