The Adams Administration

1. The Adams Administration The Constitution in Crisis 1797-1801

2. USHC 1.5 Explain how the fundamental principle of limited government is protected by the Constitution and the Bill of Rights, including democracy, republicanism, federalism, the separation of powers, the system of checks and balances, and individual rights. USHC 1.6 Analyze the development of the two-party system during the presidency of George Washington, including controversies over domestic and foreign policies and the regional interests of the [Jeffersonian] Republicans and the Federalists.

3. Washington’s Farewell Address WARNINGS: Political Partisanship Sectionalism Foreign Entanglements Respect the Constitution

4. The Adams Administration ACTIONS: Political Partisanship Sectionalism Foreign Entanglements Respect the Constitution

5. The Election of 1796 John Adams Thomas Jefferson VS. FEDERALIST REPUBLICAN

6. SECTIONALISM 1796 1800

7. The Endurance of Sectionalism

8. The Constitution, as originally written, made no provisions for political parties. The original formula for the selection of the President and Vice President reflected this.

9. The Results: John Adams, President Thomas Jefferson, Vice President FEDERALIST REPUBLICAN

11. Partisan Newspapers Gazette of the United States (Federalist) National Gazette (Republican)

12. tOOTHLESS BLIND old crippled Bald Adams Querulous

13. The Griswold-Lyon Fight 1798

14. I’ve got 99 problems… Partisanship’s only one.

16. The “Quasi-War” Undeclared naval conflict between the US and France (1798-1800). The XYZ Affair http://www.orangesmile.com/ru/foto/ocean-maps-eng.htm

17. To the wicked, everything serves as a pretext. Voltaire

18. The Alien and Sedition Acts 1798 • Allowed the President to deport undesirable aliens • Extended the residency requirement for citizenship from 5 to 14 years Naturalization Act Alien Friends Act Alien Enemies Act Constitutional?

19. Were the Alien Acts constitutional? From Article I, Section 8: To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization… DELEGATED

20. The Alien and Sedition Acts 1798 Outlawed the publication of "false, scandalous, and malicious writing" against the government EXPIRATION DATE: 3/4/1801 • Sedition Act Constitutional?

21. Was the Sedition Act constitutional? From Amendment I: Congress shall make no law… abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press… RESERVED

22. EPIC FAIL The Sedition Act violated the Constitution on two counts: • Free Speech & Press (1st) • States’ Rights (10th) Clip from HBO’s John Adams (2:46)

23. What Now?

24. Virginiaand Kentucky Resolutions

25. Federalist No. 10 AMONG the numerous advantages promised by a well constructed Union, none deserves to be more accurately developed than its tendency to break and control the violence of faction…

26. Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions 1798 Madison Jefferson Protest Resolutions Passed by state legislatures COMPACT THEORY The Constitution is a compact (agreement) between the states, and they have the authority to interpret it.

27. Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions 1798 Madison Jefferson How far can states go in resisting unconstitutional laws passed by the federal government? INTERPOSITION NULLIFICATION

28. Kentucky Resolutions In questions of power, then, let no more be heard of confidence in man, but bind him down…by the chains of the Constitution.

29. Jefferson to John Taylor of Caroline “A little patience, and we shall see the reign of witches pass over, their spells dissolve, and the people, recovering their true sight, restore their government to its true principles.”

30. REVOLUTION? 1796 1800

31. …and Congress, too!