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Reproduction. Asexual Reproduction. Some organisms, such as yeast and bacteria, reproduce asexually: First, it copies its DNA Then it divides in half, forming 2 cells with identical genetic material Each cell gets a copy of the DNA
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Asexual Reproduction • Some organisms, such as yeast and bacteria, reproduce asexually: • First, it copies its DNA • Then it divides in half, forming 2 cells with identical genetic material • Each cell gets a copy of the DNA • Those then reproduce the same way with identical genetic material • All offspring are identical to the original parent!
Sexual Reproduction Organisms that have a male and female (two parents) reproduce sexually: • Each produces sex cells, each with one copy of their DNA • When they join, fertilization occurs • The offspring is a mix of its parents, having received half of its genes from each one • Small differences accumulate, so descendants show variety from their ancestors.
Selective Breeding • Breeders of animals and plants in today's world are looking to produce organisms that will possess desirable characteristics, such as high crop yields, resistance to disease, high growth rate and many other phenotypical characteristics that will benefit the organism and species in the long term • This is usually done by crossing two members of the same species which possess desirablegenes.
The process of selecting parents with desirable traits is called selective breedingor artificial selection, and poses no threat to nature from man manipulating the course of nature.
Genetic Engineering The simple addition, deletion, or manipulation of a single trait in an organism to create a desired change.
Genetic Engineering -genetic material can be shared across scientific kingdoms. -potential is virtually endless.
Cloning • An exact genetic copy. • Offspring are produced asexually.
