1 / 24

ARAB-ISRAELI WARS Part II

ARAB-ISRAELI WARS Part II. WAR & PEACE. CONFLICTS CONTINUE. 1957-1966 Border skirmishes Palestinian guerrilla attacks Israeli retaliatory raids. ROAD TO 3 RD A-I War. Syria-Egypt defense pact (1966) Israel mobilized troops on Syrian border: 4/67 Nasser to U.N. Withdraw troops!: 5/67

fern
Download Presentation

ARAB-ISRAELI WARS Part II

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. ARAB-ISRAELI WARSPart II WAR & PEACE

  2. CONFLICTS CONTINUE • 1957-1966 • Border skirmishes • Palestinian guerrilla attacks • Israeli retaliatory raids

  3. ROAD TO 3RD A-I War • Syria-Egypt defense pact (1966) • Israel mobilized troops on Syrian border: 4/67 • Nasser to U.N. Withdraw troops!: 5/67 • Buffer between E & I in the Sinai Pen. • Replaced w/E. troops • Israel mobilized troops opposite E. troops

  4. Closer to 3rd War: • Nasser closed Gulf of Aqaba to Israeli shipping: 5/67 • Jordan made defensive pact w/Egypt 5/67 • Put Jordan’s troops under Egypt’s command

  5. 3rd ARAB-ISRAELI WAR • Or Six-Day War • Or ’67 War • Began June 6, 1967 • Israel: preemptive air strike on Egypt: within 3 days: • Destroyed E’s air force • Captured Sinai & reached Suez Canal • (Half the war was over!)

  6. RESULTS: ISRAEL GAINED • 1. Golan Heights from Syria (brown on map) (Syrian hills over- looking Israel)

  7. ISRAEL GAINED: • 2. West Bank of the Jordan River • From Jordan • Included Old City of Jerusalem (large yellow area on map)

  8. ISRAEL GAINED: 3. Sinai Peninsula from Egypt 4. Gaza Strip from Egypt

  9. RESULTS OF 3RD WAR: • {War deaths: • 11,500 Egyptians: mostly in Sinai • 2,000 Jordanians • 700 Syrians • 778 Israelis} • Arab Refugees: 300,000

  10. U.N. RESOLUTION 242 • Called for Israeli withdrawal from “Occupied Territories” • And establishment of peace • Israel refused: Arabs untrustworthy; I. military needed in Disputed Terr. until A-I relations improved.

  11. ISRAELI SETTLEMENTS: • In West Bank, Gaza Strip, Sinai • Increased Jewish immigration • Many poor; new immigrants desired land • Extra land = Disputed Territory • Settlements encouraged & protected by Israeli government • Made returning land to Arab states difficult, if not impossible!

  12. FOURTH ARAB-ISRAELI WAR • Or TheYom Kippur War • (by Israelis) • Or TheRamadan War • (by Arabs) • Or The 1973 War • (Six Day War, part 2 – Why?)

  13. Why did Egypt attack? • Embarrassed by previous losses • E. Pres. Anwar Sadat wanted Sinai Pen. back from Israel • US Sec. of State Henry Kissinger rejected request to mediate • Israel settlements: prevent return? • War seemed the only option

  14. THE LARGEST WAR • In modern times in the ME • October 6, 1973: • Egypt attacked Israel in Sinai; • Israel pushed back across Suez C. • Syria attacked I. thru Golan Hts. • Israel fought & retook Golan Hts.

  15. SUPERPOWERS ON THE BRINK • U.S. airlifted weapons to Israel • USSR: weapons to Egypt & Syria • USSR mobilized airborne divisions • US raised Def-Con. to 3 • Prepared to help Israel • If USSR helped Egypt • (Iraq & 8 other Arab nations sent troops) • U.N. Security Council Resolution 340: • Established cease-fire

  16. RESULTS OF YOM KIPPUR WAR • {9,000 Egyptians died • 3,500 Syrians died • 2,552 Israelis died} • Israel “driven” to bargaining • 5 years later (1978) Israel withdrew from Sinai • Israeli settlements dismantled

  17. RABAT SUMMIT (10/74) • Of Arab League • Declared the PLO the only legitimate representative of the Palestinian people • More difficult for Israeli-Jordanian peace treaty re: the West Bank • Israeli unwilling to negotiate with a terrorist organization (PLO)

  18. PLO at U.N. • Yasser Arafat, head of PLO, speaks at General Assembly debate on Palestine, 11/13/74 • U.N.G.A. recognizes Palestinians right to sovereignty • Grants PLO observer status

  19. RESOLUTION 3379 • U.N. General Assembly • Zionism = racism • November, 1975

  20. CAMP DAVID ACCORD • Pres. J. Carter, Pres. A. Sadat, PM Menachem Begin negotiated treaty*: • Peace treaty • Egypt officially recognized Israel (1st Arab state to do so) • Sinai returned to Egypt • Security zones established in Sinai • West Bank & Gaza to gain autonomy (5 yr.) • Further talks on future of Occupied Terr. • *Enemies compromised!

  21. ACCORD SIGNED: 3/26/79 Anwar Sadat (E), Jimmy Carter, Menachem Begin(I)

  22. 1987 Palestinian despair After a traffic accident, young Palestinians erupt Against Israeli occupation. Israeli military hits back. INTIFADA

  23. OSLO ACCORDS • 1993 • Israel agrees to an eventual Palestinian-governed area in West Bank and Gaza.

More Related