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System configuration and Log

魏凡琮 (Jerry Wei). System configuration and Log. Agenda. Boot process System configuration and log Network tools. Boot process. Linux boot process. System startup. Power On / Reset. BIOS. Stage1 bootloader. Master Boot Record. Stage2 bootloader. LILO 、 GRUB...etc. Kernel. Linux.

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System configuration and Log

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  1. 魏凡琮 (Jerry Wei) System configuration and Log

  2. Agenda Boot process System configuration and log Network tools

  3. Boot process Linux boot process System startup Power On / Reset BIOS Stage1 bootloader Master Boot Record Stage2 bootloader LILO、GRUB...etc Kernel Linux Init User space Operation

  4. Boot process BIOS • POST • Hardware init. • Exec bootloader. (boot device)

  5. Boot process Stage1 bootloader • MBR (Max 2TB) • GPT (Max 18EB，EFI/UEFI-BIOS) • Load stage2 bootloader.

  6. Boot process Stage2 bootloader • GRUB、LILO、isolinux....etc. • Load linux kernel img.

  7. Boot process Kernel • Image decompressed and initialized. • Detect hardware and load driver. • Mount mountpoint. • /sbin/init.

  8. Boot process Init • pid 1. • /etc/inittab. • runlevel. • /etc/init.d/rcX.d • /etc/rc.local

  9. 休息一下 Q & A

  10. System Configuration and Log • System time. • hostname. • /etc/resolv.conf. • /etc/hosts. • Crontab. • Log.

  11. System Configuration and Log System time • date. • ntpd、ntpd.conf . • ntpdate.

  12. System Configuration and Log hostname • /etc/hostname • 跟FQDN沒有關係。

  13. System Configuration and Log /etc/resolv.conf • search domain. • nameserver.

  14. System Configuration and Log /etc/hosts • /etc/nsswitch. • [ip] [hostname] [host alias] • EX：192.168.0.1 lab1.ntu.edu.tw lab1

  15. System Configuration and Log crontab • 工作排程。 • /etc/crontab. • crontab -e

  16. System Configuration and Log log • /var/log • syslogd / rsyslog. • logrotate. • service log.

  17. 休息一下 Q & A

  18. Network tools • ifconfig、ifup、ifdown、ip. • ping、route、traceroute、mtr • nslookup、dig、whois • netstat

  19. Network tools • ifconfig (顯示網卡設定資訊)。 EX：ifconfig eth0 • ifup、ifdown (啟用、關閉網路卡介面)。 EX：ifup eth0 、ifdown eth0 • ip (綜合指令)。 ip [option] [object] { command | help } EX：ip link set eth0 down

  20. Network tools • route (路由相關指令)。 EX：route add/del 1.1.1.1/32 gw 192.168.1.3 dev eth0 • traceroute (列出至目標主機的封包狀態)。 EX：traceroute 168.95.1.1 • mtr (同traceroute)。 EX：mtr www.ntu.edu.tw

  21. Network tools • nslookup (DNS records查詢)。 nslookup [domain/ip] [dns server] • dig (列出domain相關資訊)。 dig @server name type EX：dig @168.95.1.1 ntu.edu.tw MX • whois (列出domain相關資訊)。 EX：whois ntu.edu.tw

  22. Network tools • netstat (列出網路連線、路由表)。 EX：netstat {-na | -nr | -nap }

  23. 謝謝! Q & A

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