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Changes on Earth’s Surface

Changes on Earth’s Surface. Weathering & Erosion. Types of Weathering. Mechanical Chemical Biological Rocks eventually form sediment Rocks - stationary. WEATHERING - Physical. Produces finer particles by fracturing rock Mineral composition remains the same. Abrasion (grinding)

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Changes on Earth’s Surface

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  1. Changes on Earth’s Surface

  2. Weathering & Erosion

  3. Types of Weathering • Mechanical • Chemical • Biological • Rocks eventually form sediment • Rocks - stationary

  4. WEATHERING - Physical • Produces finer particles by fracturing rock • Mineral composition remains the same • Abrasion (grinding) • Crystallization (frost shattering) • Thermal fracturing (rapid heat change) • Hydration (Expansion of water) • Exfoliation (pressure release jointing) Definition Mechanisms

  5. Chemical weathering • Chemical reactions transform rocks and minerals into new chemical combinations that are stable under prevailing conditions at or near the Earth's surface. • Rock disintegrates • Hydrolysis & Hydration (involve water) • Oxidation & Reduction (combines with O or loss of O) • Solution/Dissolution (carbonates & carbon dioxides combine with form carbonic acid) • CO2 + H2O = H2CO3 Definition Processes

  6. Chemical weathering • Not all minerals are prone to chemical weathering • Faster in warmer climates • Heat • Water

  7. Biological weathering • Biological weathering can be considered special types of mechanical or chemical weathering • Action of living organism • Plants & Animals • Bacteria, algae and lichens • Secrete acids, chemicals Definition Photo Examples

  8. What is erosion? Removal and movement of earth materials by natural agents. Some of these agents include glaciers, wind, water, earthquakes, volcanoes, tornadoes, hurricanes, mud flows, and avalanches. • Water • Wind • Glaciers Definition Agents

  9. http://www.greenpacks.org/tag/largest-glaciers/ http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/3079.bb.rm Chandeleur Islands

  10. How are erosion & weathering different? • Weathering • 2 processes • No movement • Mass Wasting • Movement of rock particle – gravity • Erosion • Flowing Agent

  11. Water in all forms is erosional • Splash erosion • Sheet erosion • Fluvial erosion • Waves • Glacial erosion • Abrasion • Plucking

  12. Waves in oceans and other large bodies of water cause coastal erosion. The power of ocean waves is awesome; large storm waves can produce 2000 pounds of pressure per square foot. The pure energy of waves along with the chemical content of the water is what erodes the rock of the coastline. Aeolian Erosion

  13. Wave action in Calvert County Maryland

  14. Aeolian Erosion – Wind erosion, sand dunes

  15. Landscapes formed by erosion • Effects of mechanical weathering • http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es1201/es1201page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization • Effects of chemical weathering • http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es1202/es1202page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization • Landscape formed by erosion • http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es1205/es1205page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization • Sediment transfer – flowing water • http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es1303/es1303page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization • Channels in meandering river • http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es1306/es1306page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization • Waterfalls and chasms • http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es1305/es1305page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization • Glacial erosion of bedrock • http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es1502/es1502page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization • Example of wave erosion • http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es1606/es1606page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization

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