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NC Early Grade Retention in the Age of Accountability. Sharon Palsha, Ph.D UNC-CH School of Education/FPG Fellow Kindergarten Readiness Issues Group Partners in Research Forum. Mary Bushnell, NC Child Care Resource & Referral Network Dick Clifford, FPG Diane Early, FPG
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NC Early Grade Retention in the Age of Accountability Sharon Palsha, Ph.D UNC-CH School of Education/FPG Fellow Kindergarten Readiness Issues Group Partners in Research Forum
Mary Bushnell, NC Child Care Resource & Referral Network Dick Clifford, FPG Diane Early, FPG Engin Konanc, NC Department of Public Instruction Kelly Maxwell, FPG Sharon Palsha, FPG & UNC School of Education Lucy Roberts, NC Department of Public Instruction Kindergarten Readiness Issues Group Partners in Research Forum
% Retained in NC by Grade 1991-92 vs. 2001-02
Average Expenditures per Child in 2001-02* *Per pupil capital expense, 5-year average
% Retained in NC by Grade 2001-02 vs 2005-06
% Retained in NC by Grade 1991-92 vs. 2001-02
“If ever a school practice not only ignored research, but operated in opposition to it, retention is that practice.”(NEA Today) What does research say about retention in the early grades?
Retention in early grades is harmful, especially before 2nd grade (Alexender, Entwisle, and Dauber, 2003; Shepard and Smith, 1987, 1989) Much of research across all grades suggests that retention is not helpful (Holmes, 1989) Retention is associated with school dropout (NC Education Research Council, 1999) What does research say about retention in the early grades?
2005- 06 - 9th -12th Grade - 2006-07 - 9th- 12th Grade - Dropout Events
2005- 06 - 9th -12th Grade - 22,180 2006-07 - 9th- 12th Grade - 23, 550 5.24 % increase from previous year Dropout Events
Interventions start early Interventions occur in the context of the regular classroom setting Coordination is key Parents are involved Afterschool support is offered Enriched summer experiences are offered Alternatives to retention
Literacy is emphasized Professional development is critical Connections are made with community resources Staff have a “CAN DO” attitude - do everything possible to have every child succeed Alternatives to retention continued