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Greece

Greece. Early History. 3000-1400 BC—Minoans Crete Seafaring merchants Sophisticated civilization. Early History. 1400-1000 BC—Hellenes Eastern Europeans, migrated south Intermarried with natives Greeks 1000-750 BC—Dark Age Life was primitive/tribal. Homer. Geographic Influence.

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Greece

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  1. Greece

  2. Early History • 3000-1400 BC—Minoans • Crete • Seafaring merchants • Sophisticated civilization

  3. Early History • 1400-1000 BC—Hellenes • Eastern Europeans, migrated south • Intermarried with natives Greeks • 1000-750 BC—Dark Age • Life was primitive/tribal Homer

  4. Geographic Influence • Mountains • Fertile valleys • Independent city-states

  5. Geographic Influence • Insufficient farmland • Founded colonies on Mediterranean coast

  6. Geographic Influence • Location • Peninsula in Mediterranean • Exchange of culture/trade • Deep harbors • Numerous good harbors on its irregular coastline The Diolkos

  7. Athens • Democratic, leading city-state • After 750 BC slow progress: • Monarchy--one-man, inherited • Aristocracy--group of nobles • Tyranny--one-man, for people • Democracy--rule by people

  8. Athens (cont’d) • Move toward democracy (600s-400s BC) • Draco—Codified law (including severe punishments) • Solon—Granted male commoners right to vote in Assembly • Cleisthenes—extended male citizenship • Pericles—Golden Age of Athens • Paid salaries to public officials • Society and economy thrived

  9. Sparta • Aristocratic/military city-state • On Peloponnesian peninsula • Population • Helots • Large number of slaves • Nobles • Small number of citizens • Feared helots

  10. Sparta (cont’d) • Did not develop trade/industry • Remained agricultural • Emphasized military might • Neglected: • Art • Literature • Science

  11. Uniting Bonds • Greek language • Religion • Olympic games • Fear of Persians • Felt superior to non-Greeks, referring to them as “barbarians”

  12. Persian Wars • 500-479 BC • Greek colonies in Asia Minor revolted • Darius defeated them and wanted to annex all of Greece • Persians defeated at Marathon • Greeks rallied to beat Persians • Preserved Greek independence

  13. Peloponnesian War • 431-404 BC • Sparta (Peloponnesian League) defeated Athens (Delian League) • Sparta unable to unite Greece

  14. Philip of Macedonia • 359 BC-king of Macedonia • Admired Greek culture • Wanted to unify Greek city-states • 338 BC-conquered/united all Greek city-states, except Sparta • Assassinated • His son, Alexander (aged 20) came to power

  15. Alexander the Great • 336-323 BC • Taught by Aristotle • Conquered Persian Empire • Created Hellenistic culture • Suddenly died at age 33

  16. Greek Contributions • Theater • Sophocles--Oedipus Rex • Poetry • Homer—Iliad & Odyssey • Historical Writing • Herodotus (Father of History) • Embellished facts • Thucydides (scientific historian) • Accurate account

  17. Greek Contributions (cont’d.) • Architecture/Sculpture • Marble • Simple • Well-proportioned • Philosophy • Socrates (individual)—Questioned • Plato (group)—Ideal government • Aristotle (world)—Philosophy/science

  18. Greek Contributions (cont’d.) • Science and mathematics • Pythagoras/Euclid—Geometry • Hippocrates—Medicine • Aristarchus—Geocentrism • Archimedes—Levers/pulleys • Eratosthenes--Accurate estimate of earth’s circumference

  19. Greece

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