Operation Enduring Freedom 12 Command & Control Architecture

1. Operation Enduring Freedom 12Command & Control Architecture Colonel Roger D. Standfield Assistant Chief of Staff G-6 14 August 2013

2. Orientation Camp Leatherneck & Bastion Total Area: 6.47 km2 (2.5 sq mi) Population: 28,000 (Military & Contractors) Runway: 3,500 m Occupants: US Armed Forces UK Armed Forces Estonian Military Danish Defense Forces Tonga Defense Services Georgian Military Afghan National Army Primary coalition command and control node in Regional Command (SW). Helmand Province Capital: LashkarGah Total Area: 58,584 km2 (22,619 sq mi) Population: 1.4 million (in 2010) Districts: 14 Languages: Pashto & Dari ~75% of world’s opium production.

3. Helmand Province Network Connectivity • External (World Wide Web) Connectivity • PLANNED: Afghan Fiber Optic cable (upwards of 1 Gbps) • (2) Commercial Line-of-Sight Microwave links (2x 150 Mbps) • Commercial Ku-band Satellite link (40 – 60 Mbps) • Military Ku-band Satellite link (10 – 20 Mbps) • Intra-province Connectivity • Commercial Line-of-Sight Microwave links • Military Line-of-Sight Microwave links • Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) Ku-band SATCOM • Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) Ku-band SATCOM • Adaptive Networking Wideband Waveform (ANW2) radios • Camp Leatherneck & Camp Bastion Local Area Network (LAN) • (2) primary communications nodes & server farms • (11) Area Distribution Nodes (ADNs) • Over 17,000 personal computers & other user devices • Fiber Optic Cable backbone with CAT-5e to the desktop UNCLASSIFIED

4. Employed Technologies & Services • Concepts & Procedures • BlackCore transport network (EoIP, IP multiplexing) • (3) User Networks -- SIPR, NIPR, and CX-I • Quality of Service (QoS) for voice & video traffic • Hardware Suites • Cisco Unified Call Managers & VoIP phones • NETAPP Filers for Data Storage & Virtualization • Software Tools & Solutions • VMware with full Site Recovery Manager (SRM) capability • Network device access controlled by TACACS • Microsoft Server 2008 R2 and Exchange 2010 • Client administration & operating system migration from Win XP to Win 7 via System Center Configuration Manager (SCCM) UNCLASSIFIED

5. Information Around the Battlefield • Full Motion Video • Captured by camera platforms (static, aerostat, UAS) • Encoded into an IP compatible format (H.264) • Disseminated to users throughout the area of operations • Aggregated on a central webserver for archiving • Collection of Biometrics data • Data is collected by patrols or at entry control points • The profiles are checked against potential insurgents as well as against unmatched forensics data • Operators are notified if the individual is a potential target and should be detained • Mobile Command and Control (C2) • Normal, static services are extended to the forward edge of the battlefield through non-traditional means such as gimbaled SATCOM antennas and radio re-transmission equipment on aerostat payloads UNCLASSIFIED

6. Full Motion Video The goal is deliver near real-time video to decision makers throughout the battlefield in order to facilitate rapid response. Authorizations for actions can be obtained faster as the requestor and authorizer can see the same real-time image even if they are at different locations. Also major Combat Operations Centers (COCs) can maintain common situational awareness for planning and analysis. Video Analog to Digital Converter Webserver: Archives Video & Disseminates to Users Satellite Downlink System UNCLASSIFIED

7. Biometrics Data The Secure Electronic Enrollment Kit (SEEK) II, allows for rapid enrollment and comparison against pre-loaded watch lists of potential enemy targets. Additionally, high capacity networking solutions such as the Harris PRC-117G with ANW2 provide lightweight connectivity and facilitate direct submissions of biometrics data into the central data storage for immediate analysis. The process permits quick validation of newly submitted data against evidence gathered by forensics experts and not yet integrated into the enemy watch lists. Tactical WAN & LAN Biometrics Data Store UNCLASSIFIED

8. Mobile Command & Control (C2) The synergy of several high-tech assets allowed innovative methodologies for extending C2 capabilities to the forward edge of the battlefield: Harris 117G radios included in the aerostat payloads facilitated the extension of ANW2 networks to extreme distances; allowing an infantry commander aboard a flying V-22 Osprey to maintain live chat and VoIP connectivity with his ground forces as well as his higher command echelon. The Mobile Modular Command & Control (M2C2) Vehicle provides commanders with complete network access while on the move via a gimbaled satellite antenna. This capability facilitates high quality communication between forward operation centers and the main headquarters ensuring better coordination of supporting forces and faster decision making ability. UNCLASSIFIED

9. Closing Remarks • The maturity of the network facilitates resiliency and stability • COTS solutions provide increased capacity and capabilities • Tactical network in Afghanistan is non-doctrinal: complex and static • Marine personnel must be supplemented with contracted support • User expectations still exceed available capacity UNCLASSIFIED

10. Question & Answer Session Colonel Roger D. Standfield Assistant Chief of Staff G-6 Captain Michael R. Agamir Special Projects Officer Chief Warrant Officer 3 Eddie L. Benjamin Transmissions Control Planning and Engineering Officer Staff Sergeant Zachary B. Mott Data Networking & Systems Chief