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Down - Under Lighting Standards and Aussie Initiative Alec Fisher Chair SA Road Lighting. Road lighting as the villain – sky glow versus safety and security? Sky glow perspective – direct light: a menable? reflected light: intractable? International cooperation – IAU and CIE
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Down- Under Lighting Standards and Aussie InitiativeAlec Fisher Chair SA Road Lighting • Road lighting as the villain – sky glow versus safety and security? • Sky glow perspective – direct light: amenable? reflected light: intractable? • International cooperation – IAU and CIE • National standards – Aus initiatives on obtrusive and upward waste light • Other influences – global warming and energy efficiency
Calculated contributions to sky glow viewed directly across Canberra from Mt Stromlo in cd/m2x10-4 ;natural sky glow is about 2cd/m2x10-4
IAU – CIE Cooperation • 1980 -Guidelines for minimising urban sky glow near astronomical observatories • 1994 - Urban sky glow – a worry for astronomers • 1997 - Guidelines for minimising urban sky glow • 2003 - Guide on the limitation of the effects of obtrusive light from outdoor installations The CIE committees need input and initiatives from member countries and the national will to implement CIE guidelines
Aus Initiatives on Obtrusive and Upward Waste Light • Astronomy community representation on committees and much ‘dark skies’ comment when Standards open for public review • AS 4282 (1997) Control of the obtrusive effects of outdoor lighting - model for the 2003 CIE guide - tough restrictions in the ‘curfew’ or late hours - encourages use of ‘horizontal glass’ luminaires • AS 1158 Road lighting suite, currently under review - 1997 introduced UWLR - initially for traffic route luminaires set at 6 per cent max,now proposed to be reduced to 3 percent - initially for local road luminaires set at 12 per cent max,now proposed to be reduced to 10 percent
Other Influences - for better or worse sky glow? • Money capital - reluctance to replace obsolete traffic route lighting • Money maintenance - costly local road luminaires (UWLR ~ 0.33) replaced (UWLR ~ 0.02) • Current traffic route luminaires have UWLR ~ 0.02 • Relighting of City centres with ‘flat glass’ luminaires • More use of white light and down grading the lumen value of yellow light using effective lumen multipliers • Higher lighting levels for prestige and anti crime • Global warming – greenhouse gas emissions – Cities for Climate Protection – energy efficient road lighting