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15.2 The Diversity of Ocean Life

Classification of Marine Organisms. 15.2 The Diversity of Ocean Life .  Marine organisms can be classified according to where they live and how they move.  Plankton. • Plankton include all organisms—algae, animals, and bacteria—that drift with ocean currents.

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15.2 The Diversity of Ocean Life

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  1. Classification of Marine Organisms 15.2 The Diversity of Ocean Life  Marine organisms can be classified according to where they live and how they move.  Plankton • Plankton include all organisms—algae, animals, and bacteria—that drift with ocean currents. • Phytoplankton are algal plankton, which are the most important community of primary producers in the ocean. • Zooplankton are animal plankton.

  2. Plankton

  3. Classification of Marine Organisms 15.2 The Diversity of Ocean Life  Nekton • Nekton include all animals capable of moving independently of the ocean currents, by swimming or other means of propulsion.  Benthos • Benthos describes organisms living on or in the ocean bottom.

  4. Nekton http://www.ted.com/talks/david_gallo_on_life_in_the_deep_oceans.html

  5. Benthos

  6. Marine Life Zones 15.2 The Diversity of Ocean Life  Three factors are used to divide the ocean into distinct marine life zones: the availability of sunlight, the distance from shore, and the water depth.  Availability of Sunlight • The photic zone is the upper part of the ocean into which sunlight penetrates.

  7. Marine Life Zones 15.2 The Diversity of Ocean Life  Distance from Shore • The intertidal zone is the strip of land where the land and ocean meet and overlap, or the zone between high and low tides. • The neritic zone is the marine-life zone that extends from the low-tide line out to the shelf break. • The oceanic zone is the marine-life zone beyond the continental shelf.

  8. Marine Life Zones

  9. Marine Life Zones 15.2 The Diversity of Ocean Life  Water Depth • The pelagic zone is open zone of any depth. Animals in this zone swim or float freely. • The benthic zone is the marine-life zone that includes any sea-bottom surface regardless of its distance from shore. • The abyssal zone is a subdivision of the benthic zone characterized by extremely high pressures, low temperatures, low oxygen, few nutrients, and no sunlight. http://www.ted.com/talks/david_gallo_shows_underwater_astonishments.html

  10. Marine Life Zones 15.2 The Diversity of Ocean Life  Hydrothermal Vents • Here seawater seeps into the ocean floor through cracks in the crust. • At some vents, water temperatures of 100oC or higher support communities of organisms found nowhere else in the world.

  11. Hydrothermal Vents

  12. Tube Worms Found Along Hydrothermal Vents

  13. Productivity in the Barents Sea

  14. Water Layers in the Tropics

  15. Productivity in Northern Hemisphere, Temperate Oceans

  16. http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/eng/sylvia_earle_s_ted_prize_wish_to_protect_our_oceans.htmlhttp://www.ted.com/talks/lang/eng/sylvia_earle_s_ted_prize_wish_to_protect_our_oceans.html

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