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Nutrition

Nutrition. Do Now. What are the 5 basic food groups? Give 3 example foods for each group. Homework. Review Food Label worksheets. Homework. Rough Draft due Monday. Metabolism. Metabolism – a broad term referring to all chemical reactions that are necessary to maintain life

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Nutrition

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  1. Nutrition

  2. Do Now • What are the 5 basic food groups? Give 3 example foods for each group

  3. Homework • Review Food Label worksheets

  4. Homework • Rough Draft due Monday

  5. Metabolism • Metabolism – a broad term referring to all chemical reactions that are necessary to maintain life • Catabolism – substances are broken down to simpler substances • Broken bonds create energy • Anabolism – larger molecules or structures are built from larger molecules or structures

  6. Body Energy Balance • When fuel is burned, it takes oxygen and releases heat • Apply this to the body… • Energy intake = total energy output • TEO = Heat + work + energy stored

  7. Energy Intake v. Output • Intake occurs from glycolysis, Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Chain • Output occurs from: • Lost heat (approx 60% of total) • Energy used to do work (ATP) • Energy stored in the form of fat or glycogen

  8. Energy Intake v. Output • When intake = output  body weight remains relatively stable • No receptors in the body are able to sense the body’s total calorie intake

  9. Basal Metabolic Rate • BMR is the amount of heat produced by the body per unit of time, while the body is at rest • Basically the individuals necessary energy supply to perform essential life activities • Breathing, heartbeat, kidney function • Some factors that increase BMR: • Male • Young age • Strong emotions of anger/fear

  10. Hyperthyroidism • Hyperthyroidism – results due to the excessive metabolic rate • Breaks down fats and tissue proteins • Causes hunger (excessive eating) but the individual still tends to lose weight • Hypothyroidism – Slower metabolism, obesity and slower brain function

  11. Total Metabolic Rate • Fact of the matter is, we all don’t just live to breath and have our heart beat • TMR refers to the total amount of Calories the body consumes to fuel all physical activities • When a trained athlete exercises for several minutes, TMR can increase 15-20 times normal

  12. Carb Metabolism • Body uses carbs as the preferred source of fuel to produce energy • Glucose  ATP

  13. Carb Metabolism • All carbon leaves in the form of carbon dioxide • All hydrogens combine with oxygen to form water • A lot of energy in Hydrogen bonds • Krebs Cycle • In Mitochondria – 2 ATP • Electron Transport Chain • In Mitochondria – 28 ATP • Longer process

  14. Fat Metabolism • Handled by the liver in a few different ways: • Use some fat to create ATP • Create a clotting protein • Cholesterol • Release some to the blood

  15. Fat Metabolism • Body removes fat and cholesterol from the blood to create membranes or hormones • Form myelin sheaths • Stored fat yields twice as much energy as Carbs or proteins

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