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I. Louis XIV, the Sun King: The Model for European Absolutism

I. Louis XIV, the Sun King: The Model for European Absolutism II. The Gravitational Pull of French Absolutism III. Holland and England: Limited Central Power IV. Breaking the Bank: Diplomacy and War in the Age of Absolutism: 1650–1774

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I. Louis XIV, the Sun King: The Model for European Absolutism

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  1. I. Louis XIV, the Sun King: The Model for European Absolutism II. The Gravitational Pull of French Absolutism III. Holland and England: Limited Central Power IV. Breaking the Bank: Diplomacy and War in the Age of Absolutism: 1650–1774 V. The Decline of European Absolutism, the Example of Louis XV: 1715–1774 VI. Capitalism and the Forces of Change VII. Social Crises During the Capitalist Revolution

  2. I. Louis XIV, the Sun King: The Model for European Absolutism • A. Foundations of Absolutism • Jacques Bossuet • Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) • Leviathan • Louis XIII • Marie de’ Medici • Louis XIV (1643–1715) • Cardinal Richelieu (1585–1642) • Cardinal Mazarin (1602–1661) • The Fronde (1649–1653) • 1685, Edict of Nantes revoked B. The Functioning of French Absolutism • Versailles • Jean-Baptiste Colbert (1619–1683) • Mercantilism • Bullionism • Marquis de Louvois (1641–1691) • Minister of War

  3. II. The Gravitational Pull of French Absolutism • A. Prussia • Hohenzollerns • Frederick William (1640–1688) • Frederick I (1688–1713) • Frederick William I • (1713–1740) • General Directory • civil service • supreme court • nobles taxed • Frederick II (1740–1786)

  4. II. The Gravitational Pull of French Absolutism • B. Russian Absolutism • Peter I (1682–1725) • Siberia • Catherine (r. 1725–1727) • Anna Ivanovna (r. 1730–1740) • Elizabeth (r. 1741–1762) • Catherine II (r. 1762–1796) • C. Habsburgs • Leopold I (1657–1705) • Maria Theresa (1740–1780) • Count Haugwitz, Minister

  5. II. The Gravitational Pull of French Absolutism • D. The Germanies, the Scandinavian States, and the Iberian Peninsula • Frederick III (1648–1670), Denmark • Charles XI (1660–1697), Sweden • Weak kings • Alfonso VI (1656–1668), Portugal • Charles II (1665–1700), Spain Portugal • Pedro II (1683–1706) • John V (1706–1750) Spain • Philip V (1700–1746) • E. Poland: The Tragic Exception to the Rule • Partitions: 1774, 1792, 1795

  6. D. Restoration and “Glorious” Revolution • Charles II (1660–1685) • James II (1685–1688), Catholic • Crown to Mary Stuart, William of Orange • = “Glorious Revolution” • Bill of Rights • E. Whigs and Tories • Hanoverians • George I (1714–1727) • George II (1727–1760) • Robert Walpole • First Prime Minister • George III (1760–1820) • Tories (conservatives) • George Grenville (1712–1770) • Minister • III. Holland and England: Limited Central Power • A. The Dutch Experiment • stadtholders • John Oldenbarnveldt (1547–1619) • B. The English Debate: Crown v. Parliament • James I (1603–1625) • 1628—Petition of Right • 1629–1640—no Parliament • 1640—“Short Parliament” • “Long Parliament”—20 years • C. The English Civil War • Parliament v. Royalists • Oliver Cromwell (1599–1658) • 1646—Charles king • 1648—executed • Levellers—outlawed • “Rump Parliament” • Cromwell, Lord Protector • Instrument of Government, 1653 • Interregnum

  7. IV. Breaking the Bank: Diplomacy and War in the Age of Absolutism: 1650–1774 • A. From Westphalia to Utrecht: The Dominance of France • Great Northern War (1709–1721) • Russia v. Sweden • War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1713) • Role of Women • Sarah Churchill Queen Anne (r. 1702–1714) • Mary of Modena • Madame de Maintenon • Princess des Ursins • Treaty of Utrecht (1713) • Philip V, King of Spain

  8. IV. Breaking the Bank: Diplomacy and War in the Age of Absolutism: 1650–1774 • B. From Utrecht to Paris: An Unstable Balance 1739—1748—“War of Jenkins’s Ear” • Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, 1748 • 1756–1763—Seven Years’ War • Peace of Paris, 1763 • France loses North American lands • C. Economic Consequences of War • Mercantilism • smugglers • often 50%+ of imports • Crisis of public finance • Britain’s state debt: 13 m pounds

  9. V. The Decline of European Absolutism, the Example of Louis XV: 1715–1774 • Après moi, le déluge • Estates-General • Last called in 1614 • Cardinal Fleury • Jeanne-Antoinette Poisson • Madame du Barry

  10. VI. Capitalism and the Forces of Change • A. Expanding Capitalism • Banks • Fuggers, Augsburg • Bank of Amsterdam, 1609 • Bank of England, 1694 • Joint-stock Companies • East India Companies (English, Dutch, French) • B. The Growth of Free Enterprise • Capitalistic agriculture • Jethro Tull (1674–1741) • Charles Townshend (1674–1738) • Robert Bakewell (1725–1795) • Arthur Young (1741–1820) • Enclosure Act, 1750–1800 • 40–50,000 small farms lost • Domestic System • from 1500 • Lloyds of London, 1688 • Stock Exchanges • London, 1698 • Bourse, Paris, 1724

  11. VII. Social Crises During the Capitalist Revolution • A. The Few Rich and the Many Poor • First and Second Estates, France • less than 2% • Peasants, 80% • French Third Estate • diverse • B. The Challenge of Population Growth • C. Oppressive Conditions for Women • D. The Prevalence of Human Misery • E. Protests, Riots, Rebellions • 1700s—73 peasant rebellions • Russia, Pugachev revolt, 1773–1775

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