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Flame Detection Design: A Balancing Act

Detection Capability Range Fuel. Interference Rejection Resistance level Impact on Flame Detection. Flame Detection Design: A Balancing Act. Flame Detection. Solar radiation. Wavelength (microns). Typical interference. UV detectors. Ultraviolet Sensor Operating Principle.

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Flame Detection Design: A Balancing Act

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  1. Detection Capability Range Fuel Interference Rejection Resistance level Impact on Flame Detection Flame Detection Design: A Balancing Act

  2. Flame Detection

  3. Solar radiation Wavelength (microns)

  4. Typical interference

  5. UV detectors

  6. Ultraviolet Sensor Operating Principle • Solar blind 1850 to 2450 • UV photons strike tube cathode • Cathode releases electron • Electron strikes gas molecule • Cascade effect occurs to anode • Discharge is quenched, creates pulse (count) output • Pulse output measured in CPS (counts per second)

  7. Ultraviolet Flame Detector • Enhanced Arc Rejection • Faster and more false alarm resistant

  8. IR detectors

  9. Infrared Energy Flicker Optical Pyroelectric Output Filter Bandpass Infrared Circuitry Circuitry Filter Sensor IR Sensor Operating Principle • Optical filter mounted to sensor • 4.45 micron band-pass • Flicker modulation required • Steady state IR sources ignored

  10. TDSA • Analyzes the raw IR sensor signal “randomness” • Rejects signals that do not meet randomness criteria No Fire Alarm Fire Alarm!

  11. Single Frequency Infrared Flame Detector • TDSA IR signal processing • Quick fire response • Heated optic

  12. UV/IR detectors

  13. Ultraviolet Infrared Flame Detector • ARC UV and TDSA IR signal processing • High Speed • Heated IR optic sensor

  14. Ultraviolet Infrared Signal Processing • Dual Spectral Processing • Arc rejection UV sensor • TDSA IR sensor • UV sensor (and gated) with the IR sensor • Alarm only when processing time is met by both sensors simultaneously

  15. Multi-spectrum IR detector

  16. Spectral Analysis • Determine unique spectral features of sources • Use multiple Infrared bandwidths to optimize desired capabilities • Develop algorithms to identify signatures

  17. Typical signal/reference band multi IR

  18. X33AF Multispectrum Infrared Flame Detector • Patents • Wavelength • Algorithm • Digital signal Processing • Extended Cone of Vision

  19. X33AF IR3 UV/IR 30m X33AF Multi-spectrum 63m‘ SFIR 25m UV/IR SFIR COV Test data for 1’ * 1’ gasoline fire

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