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Chapter 6 (CIC) and Chapter 16 (CTCS)

Chapter 6 (CIC) and Chapter 16 (CTCS). Read in CTCS Chapter 16.1-3 Problems in CTCS: 16.3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 15, 19, 21. Acid Rain. What’s an acid? Sour taste (vinegar, citrus) Color changes with indicators Reactions with carbonates (eggshells, seashells, marble)

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Chapter 6 (CIC) and Chapter 16 (CTCS)

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  1. Chapter 6 (CIC) and Chapter 16 (CTCS) • Read in CTCS Chapter 16.1-3 • Problems in CTCS: 16.3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 15, 19, 21

  2. Acid Rain • What’s an acid? • Sour taste (vinegar, citrus) • Color changes with indicators • Reactions with carbonates (eggshells, seashells, marble) • According to Arrhenius: Release of H+ ions Q: Concentrated hydrochloric acid is 37% by mass HCl. What is its’ molarity if its’ density is 1.19 g/mL?

  3. What’s a Base? • Opposite of acid • Bitter taste • Color changes with indicator • Slippery feel • According to Arrhenius: Release of OH- ions Q: If the solubility of NaOH is 108 g/100. mL H2O, what is its’ molarity? Its’ density is 1.515 g/mL. A: 19.7 M

  4. Brønsted-Lowry • Arrhenius definition only good in water • Brønsted-Lowry acid donates H+ • What is forming with NH3 and HCl? • What is pH of NH3(aq)? • NH3 accepts H+ (Brønsted-Lowry base)

  5. Amphoterism • Can’t have an acid without a base • HCl + H2O  • acid base • NH3 + H2O  • base acid • Water is amphoteric – a substance that can behave as an acid or a base

  6. Conjugate Acids/Bases Base Acid Acid Base • Conjugate acid/base pairs differ by H+ • The stronger an acid, the weaker its’ conjugate base • What’s are strong, weak, and negligible acids?

  7. Q: What are the conjugate bases of HC2H3O2, HNO3, H3O+? Q: What are the conjugate acids of CO32-, HCO3-, H2SO4?

  8. Relative Strengths of Conjugate Acid/Base Pairs

  9. Q: Predict in which direction equilibrium lies:

  10. Neutralization • Acid + Base  Salt + Water • HCl + NaOH  NaCl + H2O Q: What is the net ionic equation for this? • In order for complete neutralization, the concentrations of the acid and base must be the same • [MH+] = [MOH-] • [MH+] > [MOH-] yields an acid • [MH+] < [MOH-] yields a base

  11. [MH+] x [MOH-] = 1 x 10-14 So, if one concentration is known, the other can be calculated Q: If [MH+] = 1 x 10-7, then what is [MOH-]? Autoionization of water Did pure water conduct electricity?

  12. Q: Calculate the concentration of [OH-] in a 0.001 M HCl solution Q: Calculate the concentration of [H+] in a 1 x 10-15 M NaOH solution

  13. Equilibrium • If the forward rate = reverse rate then there is a constant amount of reactants and products

  14. Q: What is [H2O]? • This is also a constant, so

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