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MODERNISM (1890’s-1940’s). Causes of the Modernist Temper. Advance , c . 1940 by José Clemente Orozco. The World Wars. The Eternal Soldier, c . 1940 by Wilhelm Sauter. Modernist Literary Period. World War I. Night, by Max Beckmann. Urbanization/Industrialization. Immigration.
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Causes of the Modernist Temper Advance, c. 1940 by José Clemente Orozco
The World Wars The Eternal Soldier, c. 1940 by Wilhelm Sauter
World War I Night, by Max Beckmann
SIGMUND FREUD (1856-1939) Sigmund Freud, c. 1980 by Andy Warhol
KARL MARX (1818-1883) TIME Magazine cover February 23, 1948
INFLUENCES OF FREUD AND MARX • Modernist writers concerned themselves with the inner being more than the social being and looked for ways to incorporate these new views into their writing. • Modernist writers looked inside themselves for their answers instead of seeking truth, for example, through formal religion or the scientific presuppositions that realism and naturalism rested upon. • Marxism instructed even non-Marxist artists that the individual was being lost in a mass society. • Although Marx provided an analysis of human behavior opposed to Freud’s, both seemed to espouse a kind of determinism that, although counter to long-standing American beliefs in free will and free choice, also seemed better able to explain the terrible things that were happening in the twentieth century. • Some modern writers believed that art should celebrate the working classes, attack capitalism, and forward revolutionary goals, while others believed that literature should be independent and non-political.
SHIFTS IN THE MODERN NATION Alpha Girl by OwaikeO
1930s: THE DEPRESSION This sculpture at the FDR Memorial in Washington depicts men waiting in a Great Depression bread line.
CHARACTERISTICS OF MODERNIST WRITING Foothold on a Pinnacle by Lynne Taetzsch
TECHNIQUES IN MODERNIST WORKS • Collapsed plots • Fragmentary techniques • Shifts in perspective, voice, and tone • Stream-of-consciousness point of view • Associative techniques
COLLAPSED PLOTS Collapsed Art, c. February 10, 2007 Kennesaw State University
IMAGISM The imagists aimed to strip away poetry’s tendency toward dense wordiness and sentimentality and to crystallize poetic meaning in clear, neatly juxtaposed images.
MODERNISM INCLUDES OTHER “ISMS” • Fauvism • Cubism • Dadaism • Expressionism • Surrealism • Symbolism
FAUVISM Woman with a Hat, c. 1905 by Henri Matisse
CUBISM Woman with a Guitar, c. 1913 by Georges Braque
DADAISM Nude Descending a Staircase, by Marcel Duchamp
EXPRESSIONISM The Scream c. 1893 byEdvard Munch
SURREALISM The Persistence of Memoryc. 1931 by Salvador Dali
Philosophy of Postmodernism Cidsoe