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Exploring Gemstones and Crystals: Types and Features

Learn about the three main types of rocks - Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic - as well as how they are formed and their unique characteristics. Discover famous landmarks like Stonehenge and Mount Rushmore made of Igneous rock. Explore how Sedimentary rocks make up a majority of the Earth's surface and the process by which they are created. Delve into Metamorphic rocks and the various pressures that can transform existing rocks into new forms. Understand the role of minerals in rock formation and the significance of gemstones, prized for their beauty and rarity. See examples of gemstones used in jewelry and their cultural significance.

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Exploring Gemstones and Crystals: Types and Features

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  1. Gemstones and Crystals Carley Nuzzo and Brad Henning November 26, 2013

  2. 3 TYPES OF ROCK • Igneous • Sedimentary • Metamorphic

  3. IgneousCovers 1/3 of Earths surface • Intrusive • Example - Granite • Extrusive • Example - Volcanic Rock • Example - Obsidian Rock

  4. Stonehenge: Dolerite “Blue Stones” (Igneous)

  5. Mount Rushmore – Granite (Igneous)

  6. Sedimentary80% to 90% of Rock on Earth’s Surface • Created by Deposits on Earth Surface From Wind, Water or Ice • Created From Decaying Materials • Example – Coal and Fossils

  7. Painted Desert - Sandstone

  8. Metamorphic • Created when Existing Rocks are subjected to pressure or temperature changes: • Dynamic Pressure • Thermal Pressure • Regional Change

  9. Dynamic Pressure – Folded Rock, Ireland

  10. Thermal Pressure – Salisbury Crag, Scotland

  11. Regional Change – Mountain Ranges

  12. Sedimentary Rock to Metamorphic Rock - Marble

  13. Minerals • Materials From Which Rocks are Made • Includes metalliferous ores, such as gold, silver, lead, copper and titanium

  14. Crystals • Are Minerals and/or Rocks at Various Points in the Formation • Usually Polished or Cut

  15. Gemstones • Any mineral that is highly prized for it’s beauty, durability and rarity. • Altered Shape by Cutting and Polishing

  16. Example: Hope Diamond

  17. Example: Queen Elizabeth's Crown

  18. Example: Cambridge Lovers Knot Tiara

  19. Example: Native American Jewellery-Turquoise and Silver

  20. Example: Egyptian Jewellery- Lapis Lazuli

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