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Chapter 6 Weather

Chapter 6 Weather. Weather An area’s short term (usually a day) atmospheric condition Differs from climate which is weather over a long period of time Climate Determined by average temperature and precipitation over a period of time (usually a year) Climate then determines an areas biome.

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Chapter 6 Weather

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  1. Chapter 6 Weather

  2. Weather • An area’s short term (usually a day) atmospheric condition • Differs from climate which is weather over a long period of time Climate • Determined by average temperature and precipitation over a period of time (usually a year) • Climate then determines an areas biome

  3. Global Air Circulation Caused by 4 factors • Uneven heating of the Earth’s surface- poles vs equator • Seasons caused by the tilt of the Earth • Rotation of the Earth- spins faster at the equator than at the poles causing prevailing winds • Evaporating water creating convection cells

  4. 60ºN Cold deserts Westerlies Forests 30ºN Northeast trades Hot deserts Forests 0º Equator Hot deserts Southeast trades 30ºs Forests Westerlies Cold deserts 60ºS

  5. Physical properties of atmosphere • Warm air, less dense (rises) • Cool air, more dense (sinks) • Moist air, less dense (rises) • Dry air, more dense (sinks) Fig. 6.5

  6. LOW PRESSURE HIGH PRESSURE Heat released radiates to space Condensation and precipitation Cool, dry air Rises, expands, cools Falls, is compressed, warms Hot, wet air Warm, dry air Flows toward low pressure, picks up moisture and heat LOW PRESSURE HIGH PRESSURE Moist surface warmed by sun

  7. Tropic of Cancer Equator Tropic of Capricorn Semidesert, arid grassland Arctic tundra (polar grasslands) Desert Boreal forest (taiga), evergreen coniferous forest (e.g., montane coniferous forest) Tropical rain forest, tropical evergreen forest Mountains (complex zonation) Temperate deciduous forest Tropical deciduous forest Ice Temperate grassland Tropical scrub forest Dry woodlands and shrublands (chaparral) Tropical savanna, thorn forest

  8. Warm ocean current Warm temperate Highland Polar (ice) Cold ocean current Dry Major upwelling zones Subarctic (snow) River Tropical Cool temperate

  9. Ocean Currents and Climate • Ocean currents help to mix nutrients and dissolved oxygen, as well as influence the climate of coastal regions • Winds blowing westward push surface waters away from the coast and cold, nutrient rich water takes its place (upwelling) • Upwelling leads to high productivity

  10. Normal Conditions

  11. El Nino Conditions

  12. La Nina Conditions

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